BackgroundBiliary leaks have been treated with endoscopic management using different techniques with conflicting results. Furthermore the appropriate rescue therapy for refractory leaks has not been established. We evaluated the clinical effectiveness of initial endotherapy for postcholecystectomy biliary leaks using an homogenous approach (sphincterotomy + placement of a 10-French plastic stent) in a large series of patients as well as the optimal and efficacy of rescue endotherapy for refractory biliary leaks.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective study of 178 patients who underwent endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks with a combination of biliary sphincterotomy and the placement of a large-bore (10-French) plastic stent. Data were collected to analyze the clinical outcomes and technical success, efficacy of the rescue endotherapy and the need for surgery, adverse events and prognostic factors for clinical success of endotherapy.ResultsFollowing endotherapy, closure of the leak was accomplished in 162/178 patients (91.0 %). The multivariate logistic model showed that the type of leak, namely a high-grade biliary leak, was the only independent prognostic factor associated with treatment failure (OR = 26.78; 95 % CI = 6.59–108.83; P < 0.01). The remaining 16 patients were treated with multiple plastic stents (MPSs) with a success rate of 62.5 % (10 patients). The use of fewer than 3 plastic stents (P = 0.023) and a high-grade biliary leak (P = 0.034) were shown to be significant predictors of treatment failure with MPSs in refractory bile leaks. The 6 patients in whom the placement of MPSs failed were retreated with a fully cover self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS), resulting in closure of the leak in all cases.ConclusionsEndotherapy of biliary leaks with a combination of biliary sphincterotomy and the placement of a large-bore plastic stent is associated with a high rate of success (90 %). However in our series there were several failures using MPSs as a strategy for rescue endotherapy suggesting that refractory biliary leaks should be treated with FCSEMS especially in patients with high-grade leaks.

Background: Colonic volvulus, mainly from the sigmoid, is a relatively common cause of intestinal obstruction, particularly in the elderly and in patients with debilitating conditions. The high morbi-mortality of emergency surgery places the endoscopic approach as the first-line treatment for the resolution of this acute obstructive condition. Objectives: To assess the importance of endoscopic treatment for the resolution of colonic volvulus in a debilitated population. Method: This is a retrospective analysis of emergency lower gastrointestinal endoscopies in patients with colonic volvulus as diagnosis, performed over a 9-year period (2009-2018), as well as population characterization and follow-up after the first exam. Results: We performed 88 procedures in 52 patients (56.4% males, median age 83 years, range 33-94). Endoscopic resolution was effective in 86.4% (76/88) of the exams, without procedure complications. Eighty-one percent of patients presented with volvulus recurrence, 50% of which occurred during the 3 months after the initial procedure. Twenty-one were submitted to surgery, 12 of which were emergency procedures after endoscopic failure as the primary treatment (5 of which had mucosal necrosis at en-doscopy). There was no mortality in elective surgery. In the emergency plus necrosis group, mortality was 60% (3/5) and 14.3% (1/7) in the emergency without necrosis group. Conclusions: Despite the high recurrence of volvulus after endoscopic treatment, it seems to be an adequate and low-risk first-line therapy for sigmoid volvulus in debilitated patients, allowing improvement of surgical conditions. Terapêutica endoscópica do volvo sigmoideu numa população debilitada -qual a relevância? Palavras ChaveVolvo · Sigmoideia · Idoso · Endoscopia · Cirurgia Resumo Introdução: O volvo cólico, particularmente da sigmoideia, é uma causa relativamente comum de obstrução intestinal, sobretudo em idosos ou doentes com condições debilitantes. A elevada morbi-mortalidade do procedimento cirúrgico de urgência coloca a abordagem endoscópica como primeira linha na tentativa de resolução tica endoscópica parece apresentar-se como uma opção de primeira linha adequada e de baixo risco na resolução de volvo cólico em doentes debilitados, permitindo melhorar condições clínicas para a realização de intervenção cirúrgica eletiva.

Endoscopic bilio-duodenal bypass is clinically effective, and the majority of the patients need no additional intervention until their death. Endoscopic revision is feasible and has a high success rate.

He had previous history of acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary emphysema, type II diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. On physical examination the patient had a fever, was hypotensive and tachycardic, and had left upper abdominal quadrant tenderness. Laboratory investigation revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis (14,000/m 3 white blood cells and 11,500/m 3 neutrophils), an increase of C-reactive protein (180 mg/dL), and a slight elevation of bilirubin levels (total bilirubin 1.8 mg/dL and direct bilirubin 1.0 mg/dL). An abdominal computed tomography scan was obtained revealing the diagnosis (Figure A), which prompted endoscopic evaluation. What is the diagnosis? See the Gastroenterology web site (www. gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.

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