Purpose: To evaluate hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) after esophagojejunal anastomosis in a rat experimental model and the effect of HBO on the healing of esophagojejunal anastomosis in gastrectomized rats. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats, weighing 322 g to 506 g, were divided into two random groups. In group A (control group), 20 rats were subjected to total gastrectomy. In group B, 20 rats were similarly gastrectomized, but also received postoperative HBO treatment for 90 minutes/day for seven days. All rats were sacrificed on the eighth postoperative day and evaluated according to the following study variables: a) presence of anastomotic fistula; b) evaluation of esophagojejunal anastomosis healing by measuring the breaking strength at the suture line as per Hendriks & Mastboom; and c) determining the collagen concentration in the anastomosis, as per Kovács criteria. For the comparative statistical analysis between groups, Student's "t" test was used. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a 20% mortality rate. There were five deaths in group A and three in group B (p=N.S.). There was only one anastomotic fistula in each group, and neither caused any morbidity or death. Breaking strength measured at the suture line (p=0.528) and collagen concentration determined at the esophagojejunal anastomosis (p=0.89) were not significantly different between Groups A and B. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy did not affect the healing process of esophagojejunal anastomosis. Key words: Anastomosis, Surgical. Collagen. Tensile Strength. Oxygen Inhalation Therapy. Rats. RESUMO Objetivo:Avaliar o efeito da oxigenoterapia hiperbárica na cicatrização da anastomose esôfagojejunal em ratos gastrectomizados. Métodos: 40 ratos Wistar, adultos machos, pesando entre 322g e 506g, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No grupo A (grupo controle) 20 ratos foram submetidos à gastrectomia total. No grupo B, 20 ratos foram gastrectomizados e receberam tratamento pós-operatório com oxigênio hiperbárico, 90 minutos/dia durante sete dias. Todos os ratos foram sacrificados no oitavo dia pós-operatório e avaliados de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: a) presença de fístula anastomótica; b) avaliação da cicatrização da anastomose esôfagojejunal pela medida da força de ruptura à tração na linha da sutura conforme Hendriks & Mastboom; c) determinação da concentração de colágeno na anastomose pelos critérios de Kovács. Para análise estatística comparativa entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste "t" de Student, considerando-se como significativo o valor de p=0.05. Resultados: A mortalidade foi de 20%. Morreram cinco ratos do grupo A e tres do grupo B (p= N.S.). Ocorreu uma fístula anastomótica em cada grupo não relacionadas a óbito. A medida da força de ruptura à tração na linha da sutura (p= 0.528) e a determinação da concentração de colágeno na anastomose esôfagojejunal (p= 0.89) não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos A e B. Conclusão: A oxigenoterapia hiperbárica não...
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