Background: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are still incompletely understood. Neurological manifestations may be due to direct viral effect on neurons and glial cells, to an immune-mediated response to the virus, or to a hypercoagulable state and associated endothelial damage, as well as to severe systemic disease with prolonged intensive care unit stay. Objective: To describe two patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and delayed recovery of consciousness after sedation withdrawal, in whom MRI disclosed multifocal white matter brain lesions, compatible with the diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Methods: Observational report of two cases of severe COVID-19 infection in patients from two tertiary hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: These patients underwent neurologic and systemic evaluation for delayed awakening after sedation withdrawal. MRI displayed multifocal centrum semiovale lesions, suggestive of demyelinating inflammation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in both cases. Conclusion: A recurrent pattern of multifocal white matter lesions can occur in COVID-19 patients, possibly associated with delayed awakening. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the role of the viral infection and of inflammatory and immune-mediated associated changes in neurological manifestations of COVID-19.
Introdução: O surgimento do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana - HIV modificou o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da tuberculose - TB, aumentando sua morbimortalidade. Cerca de 5,6 milhões de pessoas no mundo estão coinfectadas, 350 mil só no Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar o coeficiente de incidência da co-infecção TB/HIV, buscando relacioná-lo com indicadores sociais. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, observacional, retrospectivo, socioeconômico, com amostra de pacientes co-infectados no Distrito Federal em 2007, segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: A incidência de TB-HIV foi de 46 casos e os maiores coeficientes ocorreram no Varjão (14,49) e no Paranoá (8,49), que possuem Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) menor que o do Distrito Federal (DF). Asa Norte e Cruzeiro, que possuem alto IDH, também apresentaram um alto coeficiente de incidência de TB/HIV. As maiores taxas estiveram entre aqueles com baixa escolaridade. Há maior acometimento da população masculina (78%), especialmente entre 20-39 anos. Conclusão: Áreas de elevado IDH apresentaram um coeficiente de coinfecção maior que o do DF, o que indica a possível disseminação dessas doenças para segmentos sociais mais elevados. A AIDS trouxe consigo outro patamar para a tuberculose, levando à necessidade de estudos e intervenções que abranjam todos os segmentos sociais.
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