ção, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em Desporto-Portugal. Resumo O presente estudo pretende caracterizar e comparar os padrões de jogo ofensivos realizados pelas equipes semifi nalistas do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2010-Espanha, Holanda, Alemanha e Uruguai. Através do instrumento de observação SoccerEye e do "software" de registo SoccerEye (v1.0, Março 2011), recolheramse 1938 sequências ofensivas de 28 jogos (sete por equipe) transmitidos por estações públicas de televisão. O instrumento de observação SoccerEye é constituído por sete critérios: 1) Início da fase ofensiva; 2) Desenvolvimento da Transição-Estado defesa/ataque; 3) Desenvolvimento da posse de bola; 4) Final da fase ofensiva; 5) Espacialização do terreno de jogo; 6) Centro do Jogo; e 7) Confi guração Espacial de Interação. Para a análise sequencial dos dados utilizou-se o "software" SDIS-GSEQ (v5.0.77, 2010). Verifi cou-se que a seleção da Espanha, vencedora do Campeonato do Mundo FIFA 2010, tende a rematar à baliza adversária após passe curto positivo (z = 4,12) ou drible (z = 4,38), ambos os comportamentos realizados na zona central ofensiva (z = 3,94). A Espanha tende a marcar gols após uma ação do goleiro adversário (z = 5,95), que por sua vez resulta de um remate (z = 8,43) à baliza adversária. Conclui-se que a efi cácia ofensiva das equipes semifi nalistas no Campeonato do Mundo 2010 não se confi na aos métodos e aos estilos de jogo utilizados, mas parece estar relacionada com a respetiva variação durante o mesmo jogo e/ou entre jogos diferentes, em resposta aos constrangimentos que o confronto com o adversário coloca.

This study aimed to investigate: i) how Small-Sided and Conditioned Games based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies, from the Teaching Games for Understanding pedagogical principles, affected team performance and exploratory behaviour; and ii) how teams and players of different ages and skill levels were affected by the use of these different modification strategies. In total, forty-eight youth male soccer players participated in the study (U15, n = 24 mean age = 13.06 ± 1.53 years; U17, n = 24 mean age = 16.89 ± 0.11 years). In both categories, players were organized into three groups according to their tactical efficiency level (Group 01 = High Skilled Players (HSP), Group 02 = Intermediate Skilled Players (ISP), and Group 03 = Low Skilled Players (LSP)). The HSP and LSP groups performed two types of Gk+4vs4+Gk Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCGs) based on different representation and exaggeration modification strategies. The first type of SSCGs was modified by structural constraints (Structural SSCG) and the second type was modified by rule manipulation (Manipulation SSCG). Team performance and exploratory behaviour were analysed through the Offensive Sequences Characterization System and Lag Sequential Analysis, respectively. SSCG modification strategies affected differently tactical performance and exploratory behaviour of teams composed of players of different skill levels. It was found that SSCG modification strategy through rule manipulation provided players and teams with a higher level of difficulty, compromising their performance and inhibiting exploratory behaviour. This information is crucial to practitioners wishing to apply more appropriate pedagogical strategies to improve a specific tactical problem using a player-centred and game-based approach.

Although strength imbalances using isokinetic dynamometer have been examined for injury risk screening in soccer players, it is very expensive and time-consuming, making the evaluation of new methods appealing. The aim of the study was to analyze the agreement between muscular strength imbalances and skin temperature bilateral asymmetries as well as skin temperature differences in the hamstrings and quadriceps. The skin temperature of the anterior and posterior thigh of 59 healthy male soccer athletes was assessed at baseline using infrared thermography for the identification of hamstrings-quadriceps skin temperature differences and thermal asymmetries (>0.5 °C). Subsequently, concentric and eccentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings were considered in the determination of the ratios, as well as muscular asymmetries (>15%). When considering the torque parameters, 37.3% (n = 22) of the players would be classified as high risk for injuries. The percentage of those presenting skin temperature imbalances superior to 0.5 °C was 52.5% (n = 31). The skin temperature assessment showed sensitivity (22%) and specificity (32.2%) to identify torque asymmetries, demonstrating the inability to identify false negatives (15.3%) and false positives (30.5%) from all soccer athletes. In conclusion, skin temperature differences between hamstrings and quadriceps could be more related to thermoregulatory factors than strength imbalances.

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