Biological models and replicas were in their heyday in the nineteenth century when they were common in primary, elementary, secondary and higher education institutions, as they were frequently used to illustrate anatomical structures mentioned in textbooks and scientific papers. Biological models and replicas are part of the heritage of the Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (Natural History and Science Museum, University of Oporto) offering insights into the world of these unique collections. We performed a study on the use of these industrial-made models and replicas of the internal or/and external anatomy of animals and plants that accompanied many of the practical demonstrations in comparative biology and anatomy classes at the Academia Politécnica do Porto and, later on, at the Universidade do Porto, its successor. Artisanal models and replicas were also used in biology and anthropology classes. This research on these special items helps promote their value and contributes to the dissemination of information and may be relevant to other institutions owning identical models.
Resumo Em 2015, deu-se início a um grande projeto de requalificação do edifício central do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto (MHNC-UP) que, permitindo um novo olhar sobre as coleções, levou à identificação de espécimes importantes e especiais e com valor histórico, cientifico, didático e expositivo. Com espécimes coletados por geólogos desde o final do século XIX e uma política de aquisição de peças promovida no início do século XX, a coleção de paleontologia ultrapassa os 2300 exemplares. Neste trabalho, pretendemos dar a conhecer os modelos micropaleontológicos de foraminíferos de Reuss & Frič, destacando um conjunto de 98 modelos de gesso de Paris (de um conjunto original de 100 exemplares) do final do séc. XIX. Os modelos são em parte baseados em modelos produzidos originalmente pelo cientista Francês Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857). Estas reproduções em 3D permitiram uma representação realista de um imaginário anatómico inacessível a muitos, e devem ser reconhecidas como uma ferramenta de ensino do passado. Mesmo hoje em dia, estes modelos ajudam na perceção destes pequenos animais e podem até mesmo ser usados no contexto de estratégias de ensino, acessível a todo o tipo de indivíduos, incluindo, por exemplo, portadores de deficiência visual. Adicionalmente, do ponto de vista artístico, estes modelos são um testemunho de arte desenvolvida como ferramenta de apoio à divulgação do conhecimento científico. Palavras-chave: MHNC-UP, modelos de Foraminífero, Reuss & Frič Abstract Beginning in 2015, a major redevelopment project in the central building of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) allowed for a new insight into its heritage collections, leading to the identification of important specimens of historical, scientific and dissemination worth. With specimens collected by geologists since the end of the 19th century and a policy of acquisition promoted in the beginning of the 20th century, the paleontology collection exceeds 2300 specimens. Here we intend to shed some light on the MHNC-UP’s micropalaeontological models of foraminifera by Reuss & Frič, which are part of the paleontology collection, highlighting a set of 98 plaster of Paris models (of an original 100 set), from the late 19th century. The models are similar to those made by French scientist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857). These 3D scientific representations enabled a realistic representation of an anatomical imaginary otherwise inaccessible, and should be acknowledged as a teaching tool from the past. Even today, they help to better understand and visualize these small animals and are useful as an aid in teaching strategies, as for blind and visually impaired students. Furthermore, from an artistic viewpoint, these models stand as a testament of artistry developed to help a greater fulfillment of scientific knowledge. Key words: MHNC-UP, foraminifera models, Reuss & Frič
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