This research aimed to analyse the soil fertility changes and macronutrient concentration in mango plantations in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. Samples of soil were collected at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm, and leaves of mango trees during vegetative growth were collected from 11 areas with different cultivation time spans (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, and 26 years). Nearby areas under natural vegetation were sampled for reference. The chemical characteristics of soil evaluated were: pH; P, K, Ca, Mg; exchangeable Na and Al; H + Al; organic matter; sum of bases; base saturation; and total cation exchange capacity. The mango leaves were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. The agricultural management practices adopted by the mango-producing companies promoted changes in soil fertility when compared with the reference areas. The concentrations of organic matter tended to increase in the crop areas. The organic matter caused increases in CEC and nutrient retention. High P values were observed in soils and plants owing to the excessive use of fertilizers. This may cause nutritional imbalance and contamination of water sources. The contents of N, P, K in the leaves of mango trees were nutritionally adequate. Key words: Mangifera indica, mineral fertilizers, soil organic matter Alterações na fertilidade dos solos e teores foliares de nutrientes em cultivos de mangueira no Vale do São Francisco RESUMOEsta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as alterações na fertilidade do solo e nos teores de macronutrientes nas folhas em áreas cultivadas com mangueira em Petrolina-PE. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm e de folhas da mangueira na fase vegetativa em onze áreas com diferentes tempos de cultivo (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19 e 26 anos). Áreas de vegetação nativa adjacentes às áreas cultivadas foram utilizadas para efeito de comparação. As propriedades químicas dos solos avaliadas foram: pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na e Al trocáveis, H+Al, matéria orgânica, SB, V e CTC total. Os macronutrientes avaliados nas folhas foram: N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Os manejos agrícolas adotados pelas empresas promoveram alterações na fertilidade dos solos quando comparados com os solos das áreas de referência. Os teores de matéria orgânica tendem a aumentar nas áreas de cultivo. A MO causou aumento na CTC e retenção de nutrientes. Altos valores de P foram observados em solos e plantas devido ao uso excessivo de fertilizantes; isto pode causar desequilíbrio nutricional e contaminação das fontes de água. Os teores de N, P e K nas folhas das árvores de manga foram nutricionalmente adequados. Palavras-chave:Mangifera indica, fertilizantes minerais, matéria orgânica do solo
RESUMODevido à escassez de pesquisas referentes à disponibilidade de P em solos da região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro, objetivou-se estudar a eficiência de quatro extratores na predição da disponibilidade de P em milho cultivado em um Neossolo Flúvico alcalino do sertão de Pernambuco, e estimar os níveis críticos de P no solo e na parte aérea das plantas. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de polietileno preenchidos com 4 kg de solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis doses de P (0, 37, 74, 148, 222 e 370 mg dm -3 ). Trinta dias após a aplicação das doses foi realizada a coleta de solo para determinação do P recuperado pelos extratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Bray-1 e Olsen sendo feita, em seguida, a semeadura do milho. Os extratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Bray-1 e Olsen diferiram nos teores médios de P extraído. Os teores e os conteúdos de P nas plantas aumentaram linearmente com as doses de P aplicadas ao solo enquanto a massa de matéria seca aumentou quadraticamente. O P extraído pelos extratores correlacionou-se positivamente com o P acumulado nas plantas de milho, apesar dos baixos valores dos coeficientes da correlação. Os níveis críticos de P no solo variaram entre os extratores, sendo o extrator Mehlich-1 o que apresentou maior nível crítico, devido à sua capacidade de extrair mais P do solo. Palavras-chave: P absorvido, P disponível, P extraído Critical phosphorus level by different chemical extractors in an alkaline Fluvent cultivated with corn ABSTRACTDue to lack of research concerning the availability of P in soils of the semiarid Northeastern Brazil, the objective of this research was to study the efficiency of four extractors in predicting phosphorus availability in cultivated corn in an alkaline Fluvent from Pernambuco and estimate the critical levels of P in the soil and in the aerial parts of plants. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene vessels filled with 4 kg of soil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four repetitions and six P doses (0, 37, 74, 148, 222 e 370 mg dm -3 ). Thirty days after the P application, soils were collected to determine P recovered by Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Bray-1 and Olsen extractors, and after that corn was sown. The used extractors differed statistically in the average levels of extracted P. The P levels and amounts and accumulated in plants increased linearly with P doses applied to the soil, while the dry matter amounts increased in a curved line. The extracted P correlated significantly and positively with P accumulated in corn plants, although the low values of correlations coefficients. The P critical levels in soil changed within extractors, being Mehlich-1 the extractor with the highest critical level, for its greater ability to extract P from the soil.
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