Dendrocephalus carajaensis, a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single temporary pool in canga deposits on theSerra Sul plateau, Serra dos Carajás region in Brazilian Amazonian forest, Pará State, Brasil. D. carajaensis sp. nov. males arereadily separated from all other Dendrocephalus species except D. brasiliensis and D. spartaenovae by the absence of a spineon the posterioventral surface of the compound eye. This species is separated from D. brasiliensis and D. spartaenovae by theform of the proximal portion of the frontal appendage and the endopodites of the first three thoracopods. This species appears to be endemic to the Serra dos Carajás.

The Formoso dam might also affect the Pirapora rapids (Figure 1), which are the most extensive rapids found in the main channel, and known to house many rheophilic fish species. Moreover, the alterations will impair the traditional fishing communities in the area both socially and economically. This will represent a clear violation of the national targets regarding the conservation of biodiversity and water bodies (Nos 6, 9, 12, 14 and 18) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, to which Brazil is a signatory. The stretch that will be affected by the Formoso dam is a cornerstone for both the conservation of fish biodiversity and the recently proposed Environmental Protection Area which, if created, will encompass the whole unfragmented segment to ensure that its natural resources are sustainably used (Coimbra et al., 2020). Therefore, the construction of the Formoso dam would be a critical setback for the world conservation initiative and a clear indication that unfortunately Brazil does not prioritize some of its most valuable natural resources.

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We established the length–weight relationships (LWR) for 78 fish species from the São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Samples were originated from different scientific projects performed between 1993 and 2019. Fishing gears used were mainly gillnets and cast nets of various mesh sizes. Specimens varied from 0.6 to 128 cm (18.1 ± 11.8 cm) and from 0.01 to 26,900 g (317.9 ± 733.6 g). The allometric coefficient b varied from 2.509 to 3.494. For 66 species, the LWR parameters were completely novel and, for the other 12 species, are present for the first time for the São Francisco River basin.