Achiral diprotonated porphyrins, forming homoassociates in aqueous solution, lead to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. The unexpected result is that the chirality sign of these homoassociates can be selected by vortex motion during the aggregation process. This result is confirmed by means of circular dichroism spectra. These experimental findings are rationalized in terms of the asymmetric influence of macroscopic forces on bifurcation scenarios and by considering the specific binding characteristics of the porphyrin units to form the homoassociates.
The title porphyrin shows non ideal cmc with formation of J-aggregates, due to the formation of intermolecularly stabilized zwitterions, which at high concentration also results in H-aggregates.
Spontaneous deracemizations is a challenging, multidisciplinary subject in current chirality research. In the absence of any chiral inductors, an achiral substance or a racemic composition is driven into an enantioenriched or even homochiral state through a selective energy input, e.g., chemical potential, photoirradiation, mechanical grinding, ultrasound waves, thermal gradients, etc. The most prominent examples of such transformations are the Soai reaction and the Viedma deracemization. In this review, we track the most recent developments in this topic and recall that many other deracemizations have been reported for solutions from mesophases to conglomerate crystallizations. A compiled set of simply available achiral organic, inorganic, organometallic, and MOF compounds, yielding conglomerate crystals, should give the impetus to realize new experiments on spontaneous deracemizations. Taking into account thermodynamic constraints, modeling efforts have shown that structural features alone are not sufficient to describe spontaneous deracemizations. As a guideline of this review, particular attention is paid to the physicochemical origin and symmetry requirements of such processes.
Stir it up! Comparison of the evolution with time of J‐aggregates of the title porphyrin in stagnant and vortex‐stirred solutions showed that chiral‐sign selection is due to the action of hydrodynamic gradients (shear flows) on particle folding. Brownian dynamics (stagnant solution) result in irregularly folded mesophases, whereas hydrodynamic gradients (vortex stirring) lead to long‐order folding and formation of helical ribbons (see picture).
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