This research paper describes the approaches and perspectives of telemedicine worldwide. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the theoretical and empirical studies that address telemedicine management in the last 10 years based on the scientific literature obtained from the Scopus, Scielo, Ebsco, ProQuest, Dialnet, and Redalyc databases, from which 50 articles were selected. The inclusion criteria were the last 10 years, scientific articles, language, variables, and open access. The non-inclusion criteria were repeated articles, not addressing the variable, and not open access. The results show a tendency to manage telemedicine through various approaches and scenarios. These can be grouped into humanistic, socioeconomic, ethical, contingency in the Armed Forces—NASA, and application in the field of medicine with teaching to the entire chain of users, as well as controls and monitoring of patients. In this sense, it is concluded that telemedicine management worldwide faces challenges that must be overcome to reduce still-existing barriers and achieve better access to health systems worldwide.