Recovery is a complex individual process that unfolds over time and involves multiple dimensions.We propose operational criteria for de ning recovery in ve symptom dimensions and two functional dimensions including an overall functional dimension that we characterize as 'return to the life line'. The multi-dimensional model was used to organize the results gathered from 103 clients, not previously treated with antipsychotic medications, who enrolled in the Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program and completed one year of treatment for schizophrenia or a related psychotic disorder.The subjects were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Function scale (GAF) and the Social and Occupational Functional Assessment scale (SOFA) prior to starting antipsychotic medication and again at six and 12 months of treatment. After one year of treatment, 67% of subjects met our criterion for symptomatic recovery (no relevant PANSS item greater than 'mild') for both positive and negative symptoms. Forty-two percent met the recovery criteria for all ve symptom dimensions. Most of the symptom improvement occurred during the rst six months of treatment. At one year, 50% of subjects met our criterion (SOFA greater than 60) for overall functional recovery ('return to the life line'). Operational criteria can be applied to ratings from commonly used standardized scales to determine the percentages of clients achieving recovery in multiple symptom and functional dimensions. For clients completing the rst year of treatment in an early psychosis program, approximately half achieve recovery in all dimensions.

This article explores the utility of applying the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change to the problems facing battered women with a goal of understanding and systematically measuring how battered women work to overcome the abuse in their lives. The central constructs of the Transtheoretical Model—stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy—are described with supporting research, and the relevance of this model for the issues with which battered women deal is discussed. An awareness of the process and stages of change may be useful for members of the criminal justice system and the helping professions in their dealings with victims of abuse.

Integration of developmental frameworks, focus on productive roles, and thoughtful application of client-centred practice emerge as issues with important practice implications as individuals develop awareness of disability and strive to maintain control over occupational choices and, ultimately, their lives.

A study of all serious childhood immersion accidents (both drowned and near-drowned cases) is reported from Hawaii. This is a total population-based survey of 140 consecutive cases (0-15 years) occurring during the five-year period 1973-1977. Age-specific, sex-specific, and osmolality-specific (salt versus fresh water) data are presented both for survivors and fatalities. The overall annual drowning rate of 3.1 per 100,000 children at risk is low, for a water-oriented society. The survival rate following loss of consciousness in the water is 73 per cent. There is no evidence from this study that osmolality affected the probability of survival. The rank order of Drowning statistics, specific for sex, age and differing water osmolalities, are essential for the interpretation of epidemiological secular trends; for the planning and subsequent interpretation of preventive programs; and for the interpretation of differing intensive care and management regimens. There are a number of excellent studies of childhood drowning fatalities,'-3 but in view of the possible implications of neurological damage in survivors4' 5 it is obvious that more detailed knowledge of this problem is required. Survival rates which are age-, sex-and osmolality-specific can only be obtained from total population studies of all seri-