Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a complex brain malformation caused by incomplete fusion of cleavage of the cerebral hemispheres and deep brain structures affecting 6 to 12:10,000 live-born infants. There are three categories of HPE ranging in severity, with alobar holoprosencephaly being the most severe, followed by semilobar holoprosencephaly, and lobar holoprosencephaly being the mildest form. Facial anomalies as well as chromosome anomalies are often associated with HPE. This case study describes a transabdominal sonographic diagnosis of alobar HPE with cebocephaly originally found at 27 weeks 3 days on a patient with no prenatal care.

Wandering spleen is a condition that describes the movement of the spleen to an ectopic location inside the abdomen/ pelvis as a result of weakened peritoneal ligaments. Wandering spleens are rare, with a less than 0.2% incidence being reported. Diagnosing a wandering spleen can be challenging because of the wide range of findings and the oftentimes vagueness of the patient's symptoms. The most common ectopic location of the spleen is the left mid-abdomen. The most frequent treatment for wandering spleen includes splenopexy or splenectomy, depending on the complications associated with the condition.

Infantile abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare, usually detected incidentally, and associated with connective tissue disease or due to iatrogenic causes. The diagnosis should be considered when a large cystic mass (especially pulsatile) is found in a neonate and confirmed using color and duplex sonography. Undiagnosed aneurysms have a high mortality rate. Surgical treatment is warranted when the patient is stabilized and may result in a normal outcome, although future graft replacement may be necessary.

Amyand’s hernia is a rare inguinal hernia where the appendix is trapped in the hernia sac. This uncommon hernia is most often revealed as an incidental finding, and the demonstration of this disease process is variable. This case study presents a scrotal sonogram of a 48-year-old male complaining of pain and swelling, without history of trauma. Sonographic images of the right inguinal region identified Amyand’s hernia that contained fat, free fluid, and the appendix. Treatment of Amyand’s hernia is highly debatable, but most cases are treated based upon classification that includes the state of the appendix, the patient’s age, septic state, and if any peritoneal involvement was identified.