Despite the adoption of crew resource management training for bridge teams over the last decades, the training is still heavily focussed on technical achievements. In an educational context, the situation is more problematical, since with requirement of developing the technical skills, there is a need to build and evaluate the non-technical skills of cadets with little experience in bridge team management. In parallel with the application of team leadership models, the Portuguese Naval Academy conducted a research to improve the development and assessment of non-technical skills in bridge simulators. This paper describes the method used to identify the key non-technical skills required for naval cadets and to develop a behavioural marker system for their measurement. A literature review of behavioural marker systems was supplemented with an analysis of interviews conducted with students and simulator instructors. Additionally, further analysis of Portuguese Navy accidents reports was made, applying the HFACS framework to identify the relevant nontechnical skills involved in the accidents. The resulting rating system covers five skill categories (leadership, situational awareness, communication, team work and decision making), each one with three rating elements. The framework is currently under evaluation tests in bridge simulators sessions, within an educational context.

The American Society of Hematology developed the Clinical Research Training Institute (CRTI) to address the lack of training in patient oriented research among hematologists. As the program continues, we need to consider metrics for measuring the benefits of such a training program. This article addresses the benefits of clinical research training programs. The fundamental and key components are education and mentorship. However, there are several other benefits including promotion of collaboration, job and advancement opportunities and promotion of work-life balance. The benefits of clinical research training programs need to be measured so that funders and society can judge if they are worth the investment in time and resources. Identification of elements that are important to program benefit is essential to measuring the benefit of the program as well as program planning. Future work should focus on the constructs which contribute to benefits of clinical research training programs such as CRTI.

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Purpose -The paper seeks to conduct a qualitative analysis to determine if organizational attempts to communicate positive images affect consumer perceptions of organizational effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach -Through a rhetorical analysis, the authors categorized responses into four basic types of issues: issues of fact, issues of definition or category, issues of value, and issues of policy. The authors then employed qualitative analysis, using a rhetorical approach to categorize respondents' opinions related to their shopping experiences. Findings -Data results support the notion that consumers' buying habits are forged or altered based on stimuli outside the quality of goods or services. Some of the factors that most influence a consumer's decision to continue to patronize a retail outlet include courtesy of sales associates, responsiveness of management in dealing with complaints and concerns, and added values such as knowledgeable staff.Research limitations/implications -The authors acknowledge that further research could be employed, using a larger sample size. Their nonrandom, convenience sample provided the data. Practical implications -The overall effectiveness of an organization in developing brand-loyal consumers seems to hinge on a combination of factors. These include developing awareness through structured and poignant commercial messages, delivering products and services with an eye toward customer satisfaction, and hiring and training qualified and courteous sales associates. Originality/value -The authors' methodology looked at the issue from a rhetorical analysis perspective, not a quantitative analysis. The study should prove to be of value to retailers and organizations interested in a marketing communications approach.

The objectives of the study were to describe the development of a patient-oriented clinical research training program in a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) setting, to describe perceived benefits of the program and barriers to application, and to make recommendations for future training programs. The program was developed by the American Society of Hematology in collaboration with Latin American stakeholders and clinical researchers. Session types were didactic, small group, and one-on-one faculty/participant dyad formats. Outcomes were assessed by quantitative surveys of trainees and qualitative feedback from both trainees and faculty members. The program is an annual 2-day course specifically for Latin American hematologists. Through course evaluations, all trainees described that the didactic sessions were relevant. All session types were useful for gaining knowledge and skills, particularly one-on-one meetings. The potential for networking was highly valued. Barriers to trainee applications were the concerns that skill level, proposed research program, and knowledge of English were not sufficiently strong to warrant acceptance into the course, and financial costs of attendance. We have described the development and initial evaluation of a clinical research training program in a LMIC setting. We learned several valuable lessons that are applicable to other research training programs.