Aim Horner syndrome corresponds to the clinical triad of miosis, ptosis, and facial anhidrosis. These symptoms are related to injury of the oculosympathetic chain. In children, Horner syndrome is classified as congenital or acquired. While the diagnosis is made through clinical examination, there is some debate regarding the use of imaging modalities and the extent of anatomical coverage required. Methods Here, we describe two cases of children with acute Horner syndrome. We then review the literature about the different etiology and discuss the interest of some investigations. Results Case 1: An 8-month-old girl without personal or familial history, has presented a right acquired Horner syndrome without additional signs. Frontal chest radiography and ultrasonography of the neck and the abdomen was first achieved and returned normal. The cerebral and cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with angiographic sequences performed in a second time was also normal. Finally, an enhanced thoracic computed tomography (CT)-scan demonstrated a mass at the right pulmonary apex. Case 2: A 9-year-old boy without personal or familial history has presented an acute headache with loss of consciousness during a basketball competition. Upon waking up, the child has right hemiplegia, aphasia, and left Horner syndrome. The cerebral CT scan realized in the first line was normal. The MRI with angiographic sequences demonstrated M1 left carotid dissection with homolateral white matter infarction. Conclusion Imaging studies seem critical in delineating the nature and extent of any underlying pathology along the oculosympathetic pathway in children presenting a Horner syndrome. In these patients, a history of trauma or surgery may reduce the need for extensive systemic evaluation. Without such anamnesis, a decision to proceed with further evaluation is made with consideration of the relative incidence of tumor, especially neuroblastoma, or other treatable lesions. In this condition, MRI is the more sensitive and recommended investigation.

The construction industry is perceived as one of the most crucial fields in risk management studies due to its inherent risks and complexity. Despite the large amount of research presented in this area, experts still prefer relying on their own knowledge and experience to manage project risks. This approach leads to various disputes among construction stakeholders over the ownership of these risks and their mitigation. Such disputes normally affect the project’s goals in terms of budget and schedule. Many researchers have addressed risk factors in the construction field; however, none has tackled the disputed risks among construction parties. This research aims at identifying the different disputed risk factors among project stakeholders along with their respective mitigation strategy. It is based on an empirical questionnaire sent to construction practitioners with various expertise. An analysis of the results is conducted using descriptive statistics and one-on-one interviews. This research provides experts with a list of the most disputed risks in construction, along with their mitigation approach. In the end, construction parties will be able to meet the project’s goals and steer clear of any delay or cost overrun resulting from the occurrence of disputed risks.