Sickle cell disease is the first genetic disease in the world. Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea are two plant species used in traditional management of sickle cell disease in the department of Korhogo. After a chemical study of the decocted and the aqueous extract of these two plants, their effect on the in vitro reversal of sickling of HbSS genotype erythrocytes, has been evaluated according to Emmel method. An abundance of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, polyterpenes and sterols was found in the decocted and aqueous extract of Rhynchospora corymbosa (DRC and MRC). As for the decocted and aqueous extract of Olax subscorpioïdea (DOSA and MOSA), polyphenols, leucoanthocyanins and flavonoids were found in addition to the chemical compounds identified in Rhynchospora corymbosa. At the concentration of 0.312 mg/mL DRC, MRC DOSA and MOSA have obtained the reversal rate of 75, 50, 80 and 80% respectively. All four extracts demonstrated activity on in vitro reversal of sickle cells. This activity could be caused by the presence of chemical groups that would be used in the treatment of several diseases because of their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea are both an effect on the in vitro sickling reversal. Their use in the management of sickle cell disease in northern Côte d'Ivoire might be justified.

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to record the various plant families, species, and plant parts used to manage sickle cell disease in the Indenié-Djouablin region eastern Côte d’Ivoire. Nine traditional healers aged 36 to 67 years old were selected in six different villages according to their reputation in knowledge of traditional medicine, their availability and their willingness to share information. A total of 26 species of plants belonging to 20 families were reported to have antisickling activity. Eleven (11) different medication recipes were composed from these 26 species of plants ((Afromonum melegueta (Roscoe) K. Schum., Xylopia aethiopica) mainly). The main plant parts used were stem bark (38%) followed by fruit (18%) and seeds (18%). The majority of the main plants recorded (84.61 %) were wild. From the recorded plants, 65.38 % were trees and 23.07 % shrubs. Most remedies (82%) were made up by decoction and were employed orally (54 %) or by enema (32 %). The potential anti-sickling activity of the plant species recorded during this study could be the effect of alkaloids, polyphenols, quinones and terpenoids compounds found during the phytochemical screening of the 26 plants species.

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The decoction of the whole plant of Rhynchospora corymbosa and Olax subscorpioïdea leaves are used by the Local traditional healers in the department of Korhogo (Northern Côte d’Ivoire) to treat patients with sickle cell disease. This study was designed to assess, the antianemic potential of these plants extract. Anemia was induced with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in rats. Animals were divided in normal (N), control (C), test (T), and reference (R) groups. T group included ill-induced Animals treated with R. corymbosa and O. subscorpioidea extracts, and R group ill-induced animals treated with vitamin B9 for anemic animals. Dosing was made as 1-day single dose repeated dose. In anemic animals, the production rate of RBC was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in T group as compared to C group. R. corymbosa whole plant and O. subscorpioidea leaves extracts have a haematic potential. The anti-anaemic effect may partly explain their use in patients with sickle cell disease who are affected by a deficiency of erythrocytes and its components.

Inflammation has a major role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, in fact when it is recurrent, it contributes more to the obstruction of blood vessels through several biochemical mechanisms by provoking vaso-occlusive crises. In order to mitigate these adverse effects in sickle cell patients, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of extracts of a combination of organs of three plants were evaluated in this study. The analgesic and anti- inflammatory activities of the aqueous (DZHm) and hydroethanolic (EZHm) extracts (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were evaluated in rats as models of acetic acid-induced torsion and Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, using Diclofenac and Ibuprofen as reference molecules. Oral administration of ZHm extracts at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg produced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. These extracts significantly reduced edema and pain. These effects are time and dose dependent. In terms of analgesic effect, the dose of 800 mg/kg bw generated a high inhibition rate of 84.51% and 73.06% for DZHm and EZHm respectively, while the inhibition percentage of Ibuprofen was 78.3 ± 2.09 at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw. The anti-inflammatory effect was 60, 55% for DZHm, 56.08% for EZHm and 62.91% for Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg Pc. Diclofenac and Ibuprofen used for these two tests generated similar activities with ZHm extracts at the dose of 800 mg/kg Pc. The tested extracts (DZHm and EZHm) have analgesic and peripheral anti-inflammatory potentials justifying the use of this recipe in the traditional environment.