Aspicilia uxoris is proposed as a new combination for a species known from Algeria, Morocco and Spain. It grows on bark and lignum of Cedrus atlantica, Juniperus spp. and Pinus halepensis in the western Mediterranean Region. It is characterized by spore and conidia sizes, granular epihymenium on the surface of paraphyses and a typical apothecial structure and development. The ecology and distribution of the species and a comparison with other epiphytic taxa of the genus are discussed. Notes on the identity of Aspicilia lignicola are provided. Lectotypes for Aspicilia cinerea var. vulgaris f. lignicola, Lecanora lignicola and Lecanora uxoris are designated.

The Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Station Biologique de Paimpont, SBP), owned by the University of Rennes and located in the Brocéliande Forest of Brittany (France), has been hosting student scientific research and field trips during the last 60 years. The study area of the SBP is a landscape mosaic of 17 ha composed of gorse moors, forests, prairies, ponds and creeks. Land use has evolved over time. Historical surveys by students and researchers focused on insects and birds. With this study, we aimed to increase the range of taxa observations, document changes in species composition and landscape and provide a basis for interdisciplinary research perspectives. We gathered historical data, implemented an all-taxon biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in different habitats of the SBP study area, measured abiotic factors in the air, water and soil and performed a photographical landscape observation during the BioBlitz held in July 2017. During the 24 h BioBlitz, organised by the SBP and the EcoBio lab from the University of Rennes and the French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), different habitats were individually sampled. Seventy-seven experts, accompanied by 120 citizens and 12 young people participating in the European Volunteer Service, observed, identified and databased 660 species covering 5 kingdoms, 8 phyla, 21 classes, 90 orders and 247 families. In total, there were 1819 occurrences including records identified to higher taxon ranks, thereby adding one more kingdom and four more phyla. Historical data collection resulted in 1176 species and 4270 occurrences databased. We also recorded 13 climatic parameters, 10 soil parameters and 18 water parameters during the BioBlitz. Current habitats were mapped and socio-ecological landscape changes were assessed with a diachronic approach using 32 historical photographs and historical maps. The coupling of historical biodiversity data with new biotic and abiotic data and a photographic comparison of landscape changes allows an integrative understanding of how the SBP changed from agriculturally-used land to a managed natural area within the last 60 years. Hence, this BioBlitz represents an important holistic sampling of biodiversity for studies on trophic webs or on trophic interactions or on very diverse, but connected, habitats. The integration of social, biotic and abiotic data opens innovative research opportunities on the evolution of socio-ecosystems and landscapes.

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Résumé.-Jusque vers la fin des années soixante, les critères systématiques utilisés en lichéno-logie, notamment dans les flores, étaient restés proches de ceux employés depuis la deuxième moitié du 19ème siècle: morphologie, structure et réactions colorées du thalle et des ascocarpes, structure, couleur et nombre des ascospores, caractères des conidiophores (endo-ou exo-basidiés) et des conidies. Ré-cemment la prise en considération de critères nouveaux, basés sur les recherches les plus récentes de la lichénologie, notamment en cytologie, anatomie et chimie, a bouleversé les bases de la systématique des lichens : appareil apical des asques, paroi des ascospores, ontogénie des ascocarpes et des pycnides, acides lichéniques. Chacun d'eux est analysé et illustré par des exemples empruntés surtout à des travaux français. L'utilisa;on de méthodes mathématiques élaborées, comme l'analyse multivariable, est abordée et le problème de la hiérarchie des caractères discuté.Summary.-Up to the end of the sixties, the systematic criteria used in lichenology, in particular in fior as, staid near those in use in the second half of the 19th century : morphology, structure and color reactions of thallus and ascocarps, structure, color, number of ascospores, conidia and conidiophores characters (i.e : endo-and exobasidiate). Recently, attention brought to new criteria founded upon the most recent researches, especially in cytology, anatomy and chemistry, overthrew the basis of lichen systematic : ascus apical apparatus, ascospore wall, ontogeny of ascocarps and pycnidia, lichen substances. Each of them is analyzed anJ illustrated by examples mainly chosen in french works. Use of elaborated mathematical methods as multivariable analysis is mentioned and the problem of the hierarchy of the characters is discussed.

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