Central Asian apricot germplasm was used in hybridizations with California adapted apricots to increase Brix levels and improve fresh eating quality. Fruit from parental trees, the F 1 hybrid and two backcross families were evaluated for fruit quality traits and analyzed by HPLC for specific sugar content. The F 1 hybrid between Central Asian and California adapted apricots was intermediate to its parents in many of the evaluated characteristics and levels of specific sugars. When the F 1 hybrid was backcrossed to California adapted apricots 'Lorna' and 'Robada,' the resulting hybrids were diverse in Brix, juice acidity, fruit size and profiles of specific sugars. Glucose: fructose ratios higher that 3.3 were encountered in fruit from five of the 22 analyzed seedlings, and fructose: sorbitol ratio ranged from 0.67 to 6.46. Brix and total sugar content correlated significantly with each other and with both sucrose and glucose. No significant correlations existed between sorbitol and any of the other analyzed sugars, nor with Brix or total sugars. The results demonstrated the extent of sugar profile modification possible in California adapted apricots after just two generations of breeding with Central Asian apricot germplasm.

SummaryThree potential chemical fumigants: carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl iodide (MI) and sulfuryl fluoride (SF) were tested at selected dosages on lemons against California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) and MI and COS were tested on nectarines against codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In nectarines, COS was tested at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg litre−1, MI at 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg litre−1. Both fumigants intensified nectarine peel color, delayed fruit softening, but did not alter overall fruit quality. COS at 80 mg litre−1 resulted in 87% codling moth mortality, but the fumigant dosage was insufficient to reach the desired probits 9 level (99.9968%). MI gave 100% codling moth mortality at 25 mg litre−1. Lemons were treated with MI at 0,10,20,40,60 mg litre−1, SF at 0,10,20,40, 80 mg litre−1 and COS at 0,20,40, 60 and 80 mg litre−1. MI gave 100% red scale mortality at ≥40 mg litre−1 but caused significant fruit injury. Conditioning lemons at 15°C for 3 days before MI fumigation lessened lemon phytotoxicity. Forced aeration at 3.5 standard litres per minute of lemons for 24 h following MI fumigation at 20 mg litre−1 significantly reduced phytotoxicity compared to 2 h postfumigation aeration after MI treatment. SF at ≥40 mg litre−1 gave 100% red scale mortality but resulted in commodity phytotoxicity. Lemons treated with the highest selected dose of 80 mg litre−1 COS gave only 87% kill of red scale, but failed to reach the desired probit 9 level.

No abstract