To help reduce entry-hole diameter variation and eliminate the risk of using centralizing rings, a family of perforating charges was developed with the objective to maintain consistent hole size, regardless of the clearance distance between the charges and the casing. This paper demonstrates that this family of charges makes the stimulation behavior, specifically the treating pressures and rates, more consistent and predictable. Consistent entry-hole diameter charges and an industry standard premium charge were run in two horizontal wells for comparison. The fluid systems of the two wells varied, so only stage-to-stage comparisons within the same well were used for analysis. Comparison of breakdown and treating pressures and overall proppant placed in each stage demonstrated that consistent hole-size charges yielded better results. Breakdown pressures were reduced by 10%; treating pressures were reduced by 3%, and the amount of proppant placed in the formation increased by approximately 4,640 lbm/stage using consistent hole-size charges. The design of horizontal completions includes multiple inputs and variables that can make it difficult to determine completion fluid and proppant behavior during stimulation, particularly the entry-hole diameter created by explosive perforating charges. In horizontal wells, perforating charges are near the bottom of the casing, causing energy directed outward from the charges through the casing, cement, and formation to be inconsistent. Generally, charges lying on the bottom of the casing create larger, deeper holes. However, energy is lost from the charges facing upward because the perforating jets must first pass through a larger fluid gap before penetrating the casing. This inconsistency in hole size causes significant variation in formation breakdown and treating pressure between stimulation intervals, affecting the amount of fluid and proppant placed in the formation, influencing overall well productivity. Attempts to centralize a perforating gun in the wellbore have been made, reducing variability of perforating charge standoff from the casing. This introduces additional risk of becoming stuck or unintentionally pumping the guns off the wireline. Therefore, a perforating charge capable of delivering consistent entry holes is essential. This paper discusses a comparison of two distinct perforating charges fired in the same well in contrast to previous studies conducted with the charges fired in different wells. This comparison reduces the amount of uncontrollable variables and demonstrates the improved economics of an asset using a consistent hole-size charge.
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