HAL fluorescence cystoscopy improves the detection of bladder CIS significantly, which has consequences for clinical management and may improve the patient prognosis. The procedure is easily implemented as an adjunct to standard cystoscopy and it adds no significant risk of complications.
The aggressive potential of small renal cell carcinoma increases dramatically beyond a tumor diameter of 3 cm. Given the difficulty in measuring tumor diameters reliably with sequential imaging studies, the threshold for selecting patients for a surveillance strategy should be set well under this parameter.
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