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In present study, the performance of phytoremediation by on sugar mill effluent (SME) and its end use for biogas production are investigated. The objectives of the study are to determine the nutrient and pollution reduction efficiency of from SME and evaluation of its biomass as a feedstock for biogas production. Various concentrations of SME (25, 50, 75, and 100%) were remediated by (initial weight; 150 g) outdoor for 60 days under batch mode experimental setup. The results showed that achieved marked reduction in nutrient (TKN, 72.86%; TP, 71.49%) and pollutant load (EC, 25.69%; TDS, 57.26%; BOD, 69.40%; COD, 61.80%; Ca, 56.79%; Mg, 55.01%; Na, 42.86%; K, 54.38%; MPN, 78.13%; SPC, 60.13%) from 75% SME at the end of the experiment. The highest biomass (328.48 ± 2.04 g) and chlorophyll content (3.62 ± 3.04 mg/g) were also achieved with 75% SME. The dried biomass of (from 75% SME) was inoculated with cow dung (10% w/v) and diluted with distilled water (1:10). The whole content was used as a substrate for the biogas production within hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days at room temperature. Substrate parameters such as pH, TS (%), COD (mg/L), TKN (%), TOC (%), VS (%), and C/N ratio were reduced from 7.85 to 6.0, 66.65 to 28.65%, 12,900 to 2800 mg/L, 0.95 to 0.75%, 45.54 to 19.5%, 76.87 to 28.78%, and 47.94 to 26.00, respectively, in 30 days of HRT. About 8478.6 mL of cumulative biogas production was evaluated by modified Gompertz equation. Thus, the present investigation not only achieved efficient nutrient and pollution reduction from SME but also proved the potential of for biogas production.

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This study was conducted to assess the pollutant uptake capability of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) in terms of bioaccumulation, enrichment, and translocation of heavy metals grown in sugar mill effluent. Results showed that the maximum fresh weight (328.48 ± 2.04 gm kg), total chlorophyll content (2.13 ± 2.03 mg g fwt), and relative growth rate, RGR (11.89 gg d) of P. stratiotes were observed at 75% concentration of the sugar mill effluent after 60 days of phytoremediation experiment. The bioaccumulation factor (B) of different heavy metals was greater than 1 with 50% and 75% concentrations of sugar mill effluent and this indicated that P. stratiotes was hyperaccumulator or phytoremediator of these metals. The enrichment factor (E < 2 for Cu, Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Mn) and (E > 2 for Cd) indicated that P. stratiotes mineral enrichment deficient and it moderately enriched the different heavy metals. Moreover, translocation factor (T) was less than 1 which indicated the low mobility of metals in different parts (root and leaves) of P. stratiotes after phytoremediation. Therefore, P. stratiotes can be used for phytotreatment of sugar mill effluent up to 50% to 75% concentrations and considered as hyperaccumulator aquatic plant for different heavy metals and other pollutants from the contaminated effluents.