A carbene-forming molecule can glue various polymers, even ones lacking functional groups
We report the synthesis of lutidine-based PNN type metal pincer complexes, using achiral (pyrrolidine) as well as chiral ((R,R)-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine and (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine) substituents at the N side arm of the pincer ligand. With the sixcoordinate saturated Ru pincers (PNN)Ru(H)(CO)(Cl), which have an aromatic pyridine ligand backbone, as the starting materials, treatment with strong base (KO t Bu) generated the corresponding dearomatized pincer complexes (PNN′)Ru(H)(CO). Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and computational studies demonstrate that the Ccentered chirality from the chiral pyrrolidine group exerts a small but non-negligible influence on the preferred stereochemistry at Ru (and N in the case of (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine) that is reflected in the equilibrium distribution of diastereomers of these Ru complexes in solution. Our data show that the N-and Ru-based stereogenic centers in this class of compounds are stereochemically labile and the mechanisms for epimerization are discussed. Inversion at the Ru center in the dearomatized complexes is proposed to occur via a rearomatized Ru(0) intermediate in which the Ru-bound hydride is transferred to the ligand. Support for this comes from the spectroscopic characterization of a closely related Ru(0) species that is obtained by reaction with CO. Testing these catalysts in enantioselective oxa-Michael addition or transfer hydrogenation led to racemic products, while a low ee (8%) was observed in the hydrogenation of 4-fluoroacetophenone. The lack of appreciable enantioinduction with these catalysts is ascribed to the kinetic lability of the Ru stereocenter, which results in the formation of equilibrium mixtures in which several diastereomers of the catalyst are present.
Herein, we show that the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)] + (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; arene = C 6 H 6 , C 6 H 5 Me) act as latent catalysts that allow for photochemical control over the onset of alkyd paint curing, without the need for antiskinning agents such as the volatile 2-butanone oxime normally used to prevent curing during paint storage. The highly soluble neutral complexes [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] and [(Cp)Fe(Ch′)] (Ch = cyclohexadienyl, Ch′ = methylcyclohexadienyl) readily convert to the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)] + upon oxidation in alkyd, allowing the latter to be dosed in a wide range of concentrations. Infrared and Raman studies show similar spectral changes of the alkyd paint matrix as have been observed in alkyd curing mediated by well-known, industrially applied cobalt- and manganese-based catalyst Co(neodecanoate) 2 and [(Me 3 TACN) 2 Mn 2 (μ-OOCR) 3 ](OOCR). The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)] + system performs equally well as these cobalt- and manganese-based catalysts in terms of drying time and outperform the manganese catalyst by showing a hardness development (increase) similar to that of the cobalt-based catalyst. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance and light–activity studies, we propose that photolysis of [(Cp)Fe(arene)] + generates short-lived active Fe II species, explaining the desired latency. The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)] + alkyd curing systems presented herein are unique examples of intrinsically latent paint curing catalysts that (1) are based on an abundant and harmless transition metal (Fe), (2) do not require any antiskinning agents, and (3) show favorable performance in terms of drying times and hardness development.
De welzijnsbureaucratie is gewelddadig, zo schrijft Andries Baart in zijn bekende boek Een theorie van de presentie (2001). Hij pleit voor hulpverlening als 'presentie': aanwezigheid. Dat wil zeggen, dat een hulpverlener eerst met mensen gaat barbequen of voetballen en dan pas ontdekt wat er scheelt. Eerst legt de werker een relatie en dan pas komen de kwesties bovendrijven, en niet andersom. Johan Bootsma heeft het dikke boek van Baart kritisch gelezen en plaatst een aantal kanttekeningen. .In 2001 verscheen het boek Een theorie van de presentie van Andries Baart.1 Deze studie is inmiddels vaak besproken, maar nog niet in Maatwerk.2 Toch heeft Baart het ook uitdrukkelijk over maatschappelijk werkers wanneer hij spreekt over reguliere hulpverleners. Hulpverleners zijn de hoofdrolspelers op het toneel van de doorgeschoten professionalisering in de sector zorg en welzijn, aldus Baart. De rol die zij spelen onder 'de tucht van de markt' wordt door Baart uiterst kritisch tegen het licht gehouden en zijn oordeel is vernietigend. Hun hulp komt niet aan bij degenen die haar het hardst nodig hebben: de sociaal overbodigen. Ondanks de overvloed aan voorzieningen -of misschien wel juist door die veelheid -verkeert veel goedbedoelde hulp in haar tegendeel: ze is onbereikbaar geworden. En dat komt doordat de substantie van aandachtige betrokkenheid eruit is vervluchtigd en eruit weg is georganiseerd.Het negenhonderd pagina's tellende boek peilt op diepzinnige wijze de situatie van hulpvragers en doordenkt al even diepzinnig de aard en de betekenis van diverse hulpverlenende relaties. Er staan bijzonder mooie passages in over lijden en troost, over arm zijn en zich overbodig voelen, over subject-wording en de rol van de hulpverlenende ander daarbij. Daar staat tegenover dat delen van het boek ook welwillende lezers moeite zal kosten, vanwege hun uitvoerigheid, vergaande nuanceringen en paradoxale formuleringen. Hieronder schets ik globaal de theorie van de presentie en plaats ik er vier kanttekeningen bij. RatelenOm het alternatieve van de presentiepraktijk te schetsen, gebruikt Baart de zogenaamde interventiebenadering in de meer reguliere hulpverlening als afzetpunt. Bij interventionistisch hulpverlenen (willen ingrijpen) moeten we denken aan een manier van werken met trefwoorden als planmatig, gecalculeerd, methodisch, efficie¨nt, doelgericht en probleemoplossend. En dat is fout, want het is veel te afstandelijk en (sociaal-)technisch van aard. Intervenie¨rende hulpverleners zijn als 'ratelende sorteermachines' aldus Baart (Een theorie van de presentie, p. 769, Johan Bootsma (*) Johan Bootsma is docent beroepsethiek binnen de afdeling maatschappelijk werk en dienstverlening aan de Hogeschool Windesheim te Zwolle.
In search for cobalt replacements for alkyd paint curing we show that the photo-active complex [(Cp)Fe(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)]+ (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) acts as a latent catalytic drier that allows for photochemical control over the onset of curing, without the need for anti-skinning agents such as the volatile MEKO normally used to prevent curing during paint storage. The highly soluble neutral complex [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] (Ch = cyclohexadienyl) readily converts to the photo-active complex [(Cp)Fe(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> upon oxidation in alkyd, allowing the latter to be dosed in a wide range of concentrations. Infrared and Raman studies show similar spectral changes of the alkyd paint matrix as have been observed in alkyd curing mediated by the known commercial cobalt- and manganese-based driers Durham NUODEX® Cobalt 10 Neo and NUODEX® DryCoat. The new [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] / [(Cp)Fe(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> system performs equally well as both commercial paint driers in terms of drying time, and outperforms NUODEX® DryCoat by showing a hardness development (increase) similar to the cobalt-based drier. Based on an observed light-dark on/off effect and EPR studies we propose that photolysis of [(Cp)Fe(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)]+ generates short-lived active Fe<sup>II</sup> species, explaining the excellent latency. The novel alkyd curing system [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] / [(Cp)Fe(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> presented herein is the first example of an intrinsically latent paint curing catalyst that is: (1) based on an abundant and harmless transition metal (Fe), (2) doesn’t require any anti-skinning agents, and (3) shows excellent performance in terms of drying times and hardness development. <br>
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