This study examines advertising agency practitioners' attitudes to present-day advertising practices along four dimensions: economic and social effects, ethical considerations and regulation. In particular, it focuses on two recent advertising campaigns, Calvin Klein and Benetton, that have stirred up a great deal of controversy, including consumer-and media-led boycotts as well as a Federal investigation. The findings indicate that practitioners hold positive views of advertising's economic and societal roles and somewhat neutral attitudes toward advertising ethics and regulation. The Calvin Klein jeans campaign was deemed offensive and in poor taste. OPSOMMING Die studie ondersoek die houding van reklamepraktisyns ten opsigte van hedendaagse reklamepraktyke volgens vier riglyne: ekonomiese en sosiale effekte, etiese konsiderasies en regulering. Die navorsing fokus in besonder op twee onlangse kontroversiele reklameveldtogte, die van Calvin Klein en Benetton, wat gelei het tot verbruikers-en mediaboikotte, asook 'n ondersoek deur die FBI. Die bevindings dui aan dat praktisyns positiewe houdings ten opsigte van die ekonomiese en sosiale rolle van reklame het, maar ietwat neutraal staan sover dit die etiek en regulering van reklame betref. Die Calvin Klein-veldtog word as aanstootlik en in swak smaak beskou.

This paper demonstrates how strategies written according to the FCB quadrant and sextant grids will be superior to those written per textbook formula. As far as could be determined, this is the first time an attempt to measure strategy has been undertaken. Three different ways for writing strategies, and the instrument for measuring their effectiveness, are discussed before demonstrating that when students use the FCB grid superior strategies result.

Here we investigated the role of cellular phosphatases in activation of homotypic aggregation in leukocytes by adding the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A (CA) to cultures of the human monocytic U937 cell line and the human T-lymphocytic Jurkat cell line. We found that OA produces a 120-fold increase of homotypic aggregation with Jurkat cells and a 200-fold increase with U937 cells. Calyculin A increased aggregation of Jurkat cells 10-fold and U937 cells 88-fold. Monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 completely inhibited the OA and CA induced aggregation in both cell lines, whereas the monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 only inhibited U937 cell aggregation. These data suggest that phosphatase activity is important in the regulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 mediated homotypic aggregation in leukocytes.