After an introduction of the general Spanish context, this paper aims to present a synthetic vision of the urban-rural demographic and environmental situation in the region of Andalusia (Spain), justifying investment in sustainable local development projects. This is done thanks to a qualitative analysis of the place, a case study and field experiences. The results propose two examples of initiatives to combat depopulation and improve environmental sustainability: one more local, the "Marca Pueblo" Project, aimed at checking the situation of very different municipalities whose central focus is the loss of inhabitants, and another more general one, related to the enhancement of the environmental services provided by the Green Infrastructures of that environment. In conclusion, the phenomenon of rural depopulation affects everyone and must be combated by taking into account the urban-rural relationship. It is necessary to talk about triple sustainability, not to leave aside the green economy, and to carry out actions in a bottom-up manner.

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