<p>Abstrak. Penggenangan terus-menerus di lahan sawah akan berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan kimia dan biologi tanah. Pergantian aerobik dan anaerobik di lahan sawah merupakan satu kontrol alami yang efektif mengendalikan keseimbangan biologi dan nonbiologi sehingga tanah sawah menjadi sehat dan tetap produktif. Penerapan rotasi tanamanantara tanaman padi dengan palawija maupun hortiklutura merupakan salah alternatif yang bijak untuk tetap mempertahankan produktivitas dan kesuburan lahan, dan perekonomian petani. Penerapan rotasi tanam memiliki peranan terhadap beberapa aspek antara lain agronomi, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pengelolaan lahan pertanian tanah sawah secara terus-menerus pada berbagai rotasi tanam dapat meningkatkan berat jenis tanah, dan persentase fraksi lempung dalam tanah sawah. Rotasi tanaman padi-palawija/hortikultura dapat memperbaiki srtuktur tanah melalui peningkatan nilai MWD. Penerapan rotasi tanaman secara terus-menerus berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, N-total, P dan K-tersedia, KPK tanah, dan C-organik. Penerapan rotasi tanaman padi-jagung pada 1 – 2 tahun pertama memberikan kadar N-total tanah, NO₃^- dan DOC yang sangat tinggi. Penanaman jagung di musim kemarau pada rotasi tanaman padi-jagung dapat menyimpan air dan menekan pencucian hara, daripada penanaman padi-padi dalam jangka panjang. Pengembalian nutrisi nitrogen dalam rotasi tanaman dapat dilakukan melalui penanaman tanaman legum setelah penanaman tumbuhan serealia dan sejenisnya.</p><p>Abstract. Continuous flooding in paddy fields will disrupt the biological and chemical balance of the soil. Substitution of aerobics and anaerobics in paddy fields is a natural control that effectively controls the biological and nonbiological balance so that the paddy fields become healthy and remain productive. Application of plant rotation between rice plants with crops and horticulture is a wise alternative to maintain the productivity and fertility of paddy field, and the economy of farmer. Application of rotation has a role to play on several aspects such as agronomy, economy and environment. Continuous management of paddy field on various rotations of cropping can increase bulk density, and the percentage of clay fraction in paddy soil. Rotation of rice-upland/horticulture can improve soil structure by increasing the value of MWD. Continuous application of crop rotation has a significant effect on changes in soil chemical properties such as pH, totalN, available P and K, CEC, and organic carbon. The application of rotation of rice-maize in the 1–2 years can give very high total N, NO₃^- and DOC levels. The planting of maize in the dry season on a rotation of rice-maize can store water and suppress nutrient leaching, rather than long-term rice-rice cultivation. Return of nitrogen nutrients in crop rotation can be done through planting legumes after planting cereals and the like.</p>

The potential for sub-optimal tidal land can be increased by using new adaptive rice varieties, both under conditions of existing constraints (low pH, high Fe) and conditions affected by global climate change (increased temperature, pest and diseases attacks, floods, droughts). The genetic material needed to create new adaptive superior varieties (NSV) is rice genetic resources (SDGs) which have been tested to be tolerant of various constraints. Information on tidal rice SDG has been obtained from the identification results in South Sumatra. This information can be explored and utilized by breeders to create rice NSV. The diversity and potential of the resulting NSV can provide many alternatives for users in choosing NSV according to their conditions and preferences. Specific characteristics of tidal local rice genetic resources that have been identified are the age of harvest, resistance to environmental stresses (low pH, immersion), resistance to pests and diseases, panicle character, and rice texture. The results of the NSV breeding program can be disseminated and implemented, among others, in increasing the cropping index (shortage), the anticipation of global climate change (pest/disease resistant, soaking resistant), and specification of development areas according to consumer preferences (rice texture). The implementation of this effort requires coordination and synchronization between related institutions and is expected to impact increasing national rice production and food security