Poor oral hygiene could cause a variety of diseases in the oral cavity. Oral diseases can occur in various age groups, including children. World Health Organization survey showed that 90% of the world population suffer from gingivitis; 80% of them are children under 12 years of age. Gingivitis is an early stage of periodontal disease in the form of gingival inflammation due to poor oral dental hygiene. Therefore, biofilms are accumulated on the plaques along the gingival margins. This study was aimed to determine the oral dental hygiene and the incidence of gingivitis in elementary school children. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Digital Reference Garba. The results obtained nine journals that were relevant to the topic of discussion. Moreover, oral dental hygiene was influenced by knowledge of oral dental health and oral dental hygiene maintenance behavior such as tooth brushing and diet. The incidence of gingivitis among elementary school children ranged from 74.4% to 91.94%. In conclusion, oral hygiene status of elementary school children was in the medium category and the incidence of gingivitis among them was high.Keywords: oral hygiene, incidence of gingivitis, elementary school children Abstrak: Kebersihan gigi mulut yang kurang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah dalam rongga mulut. Penyakit gigi mulut dapat dialami oleh semua kelompok usia, tidak terkecuali pada anak. Hasil survei World Health Organization menumjukkan 90% penduduk di dunia menderita penyakit gingivitis dan 80% di antaranya merupakan anak usia di bawah 12 tahun. Gingivitis merupakan tahap awal penyakit periodontal berupa peradangan pada gingiva yang disebabkan oleh kebersihan gigi mulut yang buruk sehingga terjadi akumulasi biofilm pada plak di sepanjang margin gingiva. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebersihan gigi mulut dan kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Garba Rujukan Digital. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sembilan jurnal yang relevan dengan topik bahasan. Kkebersihan gigi mulut dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan kesehatan gigi mulut dan perilaku pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi mulut seperti menyikat gigi dan pola makan. Distribusi kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar antara 74,4%-91,94%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah status kebersihan gigi mulut anak sekolah dasar termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan angka kejadian gingivitis pada anak sekolah dasar tergolong tinggi.Kata kunci: kebersihan gigi mulut, kejadian gingivitis, anak sekolah dasar
In this globalization era, Indonesian people especially in Sulawesi Utara are aware of oral health. Their awareness is related to oral diseases as well as aesthetics. Good aesthetics can be achieved by using several methods inter alia composite resin restoration. However, this composite resin undergoes discoloration in the mouth. To overcome the discoloration of the composite resin, alternative materials like acetic acid and lime that can remove the colored substances adhered on the composite resin are introduced. This study was aimed to determine the discoloration of composite resin immersed in acetic solution and in fresh lime juice. This was a true experimental study with a pretest and posttest group design. This study was conducted in 5 days. Daily observation at the same time was perormed by using spectrophotometer to all samples. Data were processed with Microsoft excel and presented in tables. The results showed that based on the spectrophotometer measurement, the composite resins’ color immersed in carbonate solution changed (became brighter) after immersion in acetic solution (from 0.72 to 1.52) and in lime juice (from 0.68 to 1.48). Conclusion: The color of discolored composite resins immersed in acetic acid solution and fresh lime juice became brighter.Keywords: composite resin, discoloration, acetic solution, lime. Abstrak: Pada era globalisasi saat ini, masyarakat Indonesia khususnya di Sulawesi Utara mulai sadar akan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Kesadaran masyarakat tersebut tidak hanya mengenai penyakit gigi dan mulut, melainkan juga masalah estetik gigi. Estetik yang baik dapat dilakukan dengan banyak cara, salah satunya tindakan penumpatan dengan menggunakan resin komposit. Resin komposit memiliki kecenderungan berubah warna pada saat digunakan di rongga mulut. Perubahan warna menjadi penyebab diperlukannya penggantian bahan tumpatan (resin komposit). Untuk menghemat biaya terdapat alternatif lain seperti asam cuka (asam asetat) dan jeruk nipis yang dapat mengangkat zat-zat warna yang menempel pada resin komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan cuka dan perasan jeruk nipis. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental semu dengan pretest and posttest group design. Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 hari dan dilakukan pengamatan setiap harinya pada jam yang sama dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer untuk sampel larutan cuka dan sampel jeruk nipis. Data hasil penelitian diolah menggunakan program komputer microsoft excel dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan warna resin komposit yang direndam dalam larutan karbonasi selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan cuka dari 0,72 menjadi 1,52 dan dalam jeruk nipis dari 0,68 menjadi 1,48. Simpulan: Terdapat perubahan warna lebih cerah pada resin komposit yang direndam pada larutan cuka dan jeruk nipis.Kata kunci: Resin komposit, perubahan warna, larutan cuka, jeruk nipis
The main problem in dental health is dental caries that occurs due to the fermentation by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) is one of the common plants in Northern Celebes that contains antimicrobial compounds namely flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, and saponin; all of them have been proved to inhibit the growth of S. mutans. This study was aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) to S. mutans growth. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The method used in this study was serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry. Samples of gedi leaves were obtained at Paal 2 Manado, and were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. S. mutans bacteria were obtained from the pure bacterial stock at Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The turbidimetry test showed that the tube content became clearer at 25% of extract concentration. Moreover, the UV-Vis spectro-photometer showed a decrease of OD value for the first time at 25% of extract concentration. Conclusion: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gedi leaf extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical) to Streptococcus mutans growth was at concentration of 25%.Keywords: gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medical), Streptococcus mutans, MIC, dental caries Abstrak: Masalah utama dalam kesehatan gigi ialah karies gigi yang terbentuk karena proses peragian oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) merupakan salah satu tanaman khas daerah Sulawesi Utara yang mengandung senyawa antimikroba berupa flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin yang telah terbukti memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) terhadap pertumbuhan S. mutans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun gedi diperoleh dari Kecamatan Paal 2 Manado, dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri S. mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil pengujian turbidimetri memperlihatkan bahwa larutan dalam tabung terlihat mulai jernih pada konsentrasi ekstrak 25%. Pada pengujian spektrofotometer UV-Vis terlihat penurunan nilai OD pertama kali pada konsentrasi 25%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans terdapat pada konsentrasi 25%.Kata kunci: daun gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik), Streptococcus mutans, KHM, karies
A survey of denture wearing in Indonesia (2007) showed 4.5% used. This is caused by a low level of public knowledge about the actual function of dentures. The reasons that people do not wear dentures are: do not know about dentures, do not know the place of manufacturing, the expense of dentures, and the discomfort when wearing dentures. The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of using removable acrylic dentures (partial or full) among the people at Kelurahan Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang. This was a descriptive survey with a total sample of 154 respondents. The results showed that wearers of removable partial dentures were mostly females (39.6%), while wearers of full dentures were mostly males (13.7%). Removable partial denture wearers were mostly in the age group of 21-40 years (54.5%); and full denture wearers were mostly in the 60’s age group (16.9%). Aesthetics was the most frequent reason that respondents wore dentures (74%), compared to the restoration of the masticatory function (26%). Most wearers of removable dentures, either partial (41%) or full (9.7%), were high school educated. Conclusion: most denture wearers were high school educated and aesthetics was the most frequent reason. Wearers of removable partial dentures were mostly females while of full dentures were mostly males; and removable partial denture wearers were mostly in the younger ages comparing to the full denture ones. Keywords: denture wearer, removable denture, acrylic-based Abstrak: Survei pemakaian gigi tiruan di Indonesia (2007) menunjukkan tingkat pemakaian sebesar 4,5%. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemakaian gigi tiruan masih rendah sehingga masyarakat belum mengetahui fungsi gigi tiruan yang sebenarnya. Alasan tidak memakai gigi tiruan yakni tidak tahu tentang gigi tiruan, tidak mengetahui tempat pembuatan, harga yang mahal, dan kurang nyaman setelah menggunakan gigi tiruan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pemakaian gigi tiruan lepasan berbasis akrilik pada masyarakat Kelurahan Bahu Kecamatan Malalayang, meliputi gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan (GTSL) dan gigi tiruan penuh (GTP). Jenis penelitian survei deskriptif dengan sampel total 154 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengguna GTSL terbanyak pada responden perempuan (39,6%), sedangkan pengguna GTP terbanyak pada responden laki-laki (13,7%). Pengguna GTSL terbanyak pada kelompok usia 21-40 tahun (54,5%) dan pengguna GTP terbanyak pada kelompok usia > 60 tahun (16,9%). Estetik merupakan alasan utama memakai gigi tiruan (74%) dibandingkan mengembalikan fungsi pengunyahan (26%). Pengguna terbanyak gigi tiruan lepasan, baik GTSL (41%) maupun GTP (9,7%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan akhir SMA. Simpulan: pengguna gigi tiruan umumnya memiliki tingkat pendidikan akhir SMA dengan estetik sebagai alasan menggunakannya. GTSL terbanyak digunakan oleh responden perempuan sedangkan GTP terbanyak pada responden laki-laki; selain itu, kelompok usia GTSL lebih muda dibandingkan dengan GTP.Kata kunci : pemakai gigi tiruan, gigi tiruan lepasan berbasis akrilik
The most common periodontal disease is gingivitis which is caused by biofilm accumulation on plaque around the gingival margin and inflammatory response to bacteria. Scaling is used to eliminate bacterial and calculus deposits that cause gingivitis. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of scaling in gingivitis treatment. This was a preexperimental study with one group pre and post test design. Samples were obtained by using total sampling technique. There were 30 patients aged 17-45 years that had scaling performed on them at RSGM in 2019. Gingivitis was observed before and after scaling using the modified gingival index (MGI). The results showed that before scaling, there were mild gingivitis 23.30%, moderate gingivitis 70%, and severe gingivitis 6.70%. Two days after scaling, mild gingivitis and moderate gingivitis were observed 50% each. The paired sample ttest showed a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, scaling is effective in gingivitis treatment based on the assessment using the modified gingival index.Abstrak: Penyakit periodontal yang paling sering dijumpai yakni gingivitis (peradangan gingiva). Gingivitis disebabkan oleh akumulasi biofilm pada plak di sekitar margin gingiva dan respon peradangan terhadap bakteri. Tindakan untuk menghilangkan deposit bakteri dan kalkulus yang menyebabkan gingivitis salah satunya ialah tindakan skeling. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas tindakan skeling terhadap perawatan gingivitis. Jenis penelitian ialah pra eksperimental dengan one grup pre and post test design. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap pasien yang berusia 17-45 tahun yang dilakukan tindakan skeling di RSGM pada tahun 2019 berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melihat gingivitis sebelum skeling dan setelah skeling melalui pengukuran keparahan gingiva menggunakan modified gingival index (MGI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum skeling gingivitis ringan 23,30%, gingivitis sedang 70%, gingivitis berat 6,70%. Dua hari pasca skeling didapatkan gingivitis ringan dan gingivitis sedang sama besar yaitu masing-masing 50%. Hasil uji t berpasangan menunjukkan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan penelitian ialah tindakan skeling efektif terhadap perawatan gingivitis berdasarkan penilaian modified gingival index.
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