Objectives At our center, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were treated upfront with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD) until cyclophosphamide was replaced with lenalidomide in the combination (VRD). These treatments have never been compared head‐to‐head in large real‐life patient material. Method A retrospective analysis of patients treated with VRD and VCD in the first line, both with and without subsequent high‐dose treatment (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation. A total of 681 patients were included, 117 receiving VRD (71 with, 46 without HDT) and 564 receiving VCD (351 with, 213 without HDT). Results Overall response rate (≥partial response) was higher with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group (98% vs 88%, P < 0.001) and in the non‐HDT group (98% vs 79%, P < 0.001). Progression‐free survival (PFS) at 18 months was longer with VRD compared to VCD in the entire VRD group, the non‐HDT group and the HDT group (88% vs 63%, 82% vs 32% and 91% vs 73%, respectively). Overall survival at 18 months was better for VRD‐treated patients in the entire VRD group (95% vs 89%, P = 0.048). Conclusion Upfront VRD gives better responses and longer PFS compared to VCD in MM patients with or without subsequent HDT.

Objectives:The most common translocation in multiple myeloma (MM) is t(11;14) (q13;q32), and its importance as prognostic factor has been controversial. The aim was to analyze its prognostic value. Method:In this retrospective study of 469 newly diagnosed myeloma patients, outcomes in patients with (11;14) and standard risk (t(11;14)SR) or high risk (t(11;14) HR) cytogenetics were compared to outcomes of patients without t(11;14) and SR (non-t(11;14)SR) or HR (non-t(11;14)HR), respectively. Results:Overall progression-free survival (PFS) was shorter in t(11;14)SR than non-t(11;14)SR (median 28.9 vs 35.3 months); however, the difference was not significant (P = .2). Overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the groups.In the subgroup of patients that did not receive high-dose treatment, PFS was shorter for t(11;14)SR compared to non-t(11;14)SR, 10.6 vs 24.6 months (P = .01). Although OS were shorter for t(11,14)SR compared to non-t(11;14)SR (5-year OS 41.7% vs 63.8%), the difference was not significant (P = .1). In HDT patients, no significant difference was observed for OS or PFS between those with or without t(11;14). Conclusion:This study shows that t(11;14) is associated with poorer outcome in MM, particularly in non-high-dose-treated SR patients. It should be considered an intermediate or high-risk marker in these patients. K E Y W O R D SDisease-Free Survival, genetic, high-dose treatment, multiple myeloma, prognosis, t(1114) (q13q32), translocation Johanna Borg Bruchfeld https://orcid. org/0000-0001-7006-311X

It is well established that the male sex is associated with increased risk for, as well as poorer survival of, most cancers. A similar pattern has been described in lymphomas but has not yet been comprehensively assessed. In this nationwide population‐based cohort study, we used the Swedish Lymphoma Register to investigate sex differences in lymphoma subtype incidence and excess mortality in adults (age 18–99) diagnosed in 2000–2019. Male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and excess mortality ratios (EMRs) adjusted for age and calendar year were predicted using Poisson regression. We identified 36 795 lymphoma cases, 20 738 (56.4%) in men and 16 057 (43.6%) in women. Men were at significantly higher risk of 14 out of 16 lymphoma subtypes with IRRs ranging from 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.22) in follicular lymphoma to 5.95 (95% CI 4.89–7.24) in hairy cell leukemia. EMRs >1 were seen in 13 out of 16 lymphoma subtypes indicating higher mortality in men, although only statistically significant for classical Hodgkin lymphoma 1.26 (95% CI 1.04–1.54), aggressive lymphoma not otherwise specified 1.29 (95% CI 1.08–1.55), and small lymphocytic lymphoma 1.52 (95% CI 1.11–2.07). A corresponding analysis using data from the Danish Lymphoma Register was performed with comparable results. In conclusion, we demonstrate a significantly higher incidence and trend toward higher mortality in men for most lymphoma subtypes. Future studies with large patient material that include detailed clinicopathological prognostic factors are warranted to further delineate and explain sex differences in lymphoma survival to enable optimal management of lymphoma patients regardless of sex.