Here, we describe an efficient and diversity-oriented entry to both (-)-artemisinin (1) and its natural antipode (+)-artemisinin, starting from commercially and readily available S-(+)- and R-(-)-citronellene, respectively. Subsequently, we answered the still open question regarding the specificity of artemisinins action. By using a drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain, we showed that the antimalarial activity of artemisinin is not stereospecific. Our straightforward and biomimetic approach to this natural endoperoxide enables the synthesis of artemisinin derivatives that are not accessible through applying current methods and may help to address the problem of emerging resistance of Plasmodium falciparum towards artemisinin.
Taking advantage of the C
2-symmetry
of the antitumor naturally occurring disorazole B1 molecule,
a symmetrical total synthesis was devised with a monomeric advanced
intermediate as the key building block, whose three-step conversion
to the natural product allowed for an expeditious entry to this family
of compounds. Application of the developed synthetic strategies and
methods provided a series of designed analogues of disorazole B1, whose biological evaluation led to the identification of
a number of potent antitumor agents and the first structure–activity
relationships (SARs) within this class of compounds. Specifically,
the substitutions of the epoxide units and lactone moieties with cyclopropyl
and lactam structural motifs, respectively, were found to be tolerable
for biological activities and beneficial with regard to chemical stability.
Herein, we describe a systematic SAR‐ and SPR‐investigation of the peptidomimetic hydroxy‐proline based VHL‐ligand VH032, from which most to‐date published VHL‐targeting PROTACs have been derived. This study provides for the first time a consistent data set which allows for direct comparison of structural variations including those which were so far hidden in patent literature. The gained knowledge about improved VHL binders was used to design a small library of highly potent BRD4‐degraders comprising different VHL exit vectors. Newly designed degraders showed favorable molecular properties and significantly improved degradation potency compared to MZ1.
Modular
syntheses of disorazoles A1 and B1 analogues
in which the epoxide moieties of the natural products
were replaced with cyclopropyl units have been achieved. Targeted
as part of a structure–activity relationships study, these
syntheses were successfully extended to the thiazole counterparts
of these analogues. The retrosynthetically defined fragments were
assembled through Yamaguchi esterification, Cu/Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling,
Yamaguchi macrolactonization, and Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling as the
key reactions. Further synthetic and biological investigations of
such analogues are expected to lead to the discovery and development
of potential payloads for antibody–drug conjugates as targeted
cancer therapies.
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