Nowadays, the injection of dilute hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions after water flooding operations is a promising tertiary recovery method. However, the treatment of produced water containing breakthrough polymer plays a challenging aspect in the oil and gas industry. Ensuring good filterability of the produced water for further usage, either pressure maintenance or EOR application, is still a critical issue. Polymer loads in the produced water need to be expected, which can massively influence the separation efficiency of the water treatment system. Especially, the handling of polymer-containing water streams and finding the appropriate technology for the treatment, chemically or mechanically, has a decisive influence on performing a full-field roll out of polymer flooding activities. Aim of this work was to study the impact of back-produced polymer on the water treatment process and to reach the desired injection water quality. Therefore a water treatment plant in pilot scale was used. The unit simulates the main process steps of the water treatment plant Schönkirchen in the Vienna Basin (corrugated plate interceptor, dissolved gas flotation unit, and nutshell filter). The maximum back-produced polymer concentration, which can be handled within the system, was determined. Two different chemical sets (coagulant and flocculant) were tested, regarding their oil and solids removal ability, in presence of different polymer concentrations. At the end of the field study, one of these chemical sets was found, having a hydrocarbon removal efficiency of around 99% in presence of 30 ppm HPAM inlet concentration. Using this set, good removal efficiency and no plugging of the nutshell filter was observed even at high polymer concentrations. The other set led to plugging of the filtration system at relative low polymer concentrations of 8 ppm HPAM and the removal efficiency of hydrocarbons as well as polymer was poor. Based on these results, it can be assumed that the processes of the water treatment plant Schönkirchen are not negatively affected in the presence of up to 30 ppm polymer load in the inlet water stream.