This research mainly focuses on: (1) the development of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), (2) improving the effectiveness of Mathematics learning with the application of RME, and (3) constraints and solutions in the implementation of RME for primary schools prospective teachers.This research was conducted in the Primary Teacher Education Program of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, using the Research and Development (R & D) and implementing Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research subject included 71 students attending Basic Mathematics II in Academic Years 2015/2016. Data were validated using data and methodological triangulations. Afterwards, they were analyzed using qualitative analysis comprising three streams of activities: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Research procedure used was CAR with series of cycles involving such steps as (1) planning, (2) action, (3) observing, and (4) reflecting which was conducted simultaneously.The research finds out that: (1) Five steps of the implementation of RME for prospective teachers of primary school are (a) understanding daily problem/ context, (b) explaining contextual problem, (c) solving contextual problems, (d) comparing and discussing answers, and (e) drawing conclusion. (2) The implementation of RME can improve the effectiveness of Mathematics learning, (3) constraints in the implementation of RME include: (a) students do not have adequate understanding on Mathematics teaching materials, (b) students are not familiar enough with problems in learning Mathematics related to problems in daily life, (c) students are not quite familiar with the usage of teaching media in Mathematics learning, (d) students do not well master various approaches in Mathematics learning, (e) students do not acquire skill well in arranging lesson plans for Mathematics learning, and (f) students are not skilled enough in the simulation of Mathematics learning. Meanwhile, solutions for the difficulties are reinforcement and assistance in: (1) the mastery of teaching materials, (2) the relationship between teaching materials and problems in daily life, (3) uses of media/visual aids for Mathematics learning, (4) the mastery of various approaches and methods in Mathematics learning, (5) the arrangement of lesson plans in Mathematics learning, and (6) simulation of Mathematics learning.

No previous publications of study results regarding anticancer activity of the pericarp of G. forbesii King have been found. Therefore, in this study we assessed the cytotoxic effects of n-hexane, DCM, ethyl acetate, ABSTRACT Background: The species from the genus Garcinia has long been used as traditional medicine for cancer treatment. Objective: To analyze the phytochemical contents and assess the cytotoxic effects of pericarp extracts of Garcinia forbesii King against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical contents were analyzed using the thin-layer chromatography and the cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTT assay method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols. The cytotoxic activities of n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts on MCF-7 cells were shown with IC 50 103.605±2.3410 μg/ mL, 397.609±28.0534 μg/mL and 1,518.301±68.6379 μg/mL respectively, while the IC 50 on HepG2 cells were 79.798±1.2261 μg/mL, 83.230±4.2557 μg/mL and 671.875±94.3338 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts from pericarps of G. forbesii King have cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells, therefore, it has the potential to be developed as an anticancer.

This research entitled "Mathematical Basic Ability Test in the 3rd grade of elementary school (A Case Study in Kebumen)" aimed (1) to describe the result of Mathematical Basic ability Test in the 3 rd grade of Elementary School in Kebumen Regency, (2) to describe the mastery level of Mathematical Basic Ability Test achieved by the 3 rd graders of elementary school in Kebumen Regency, (3) to describe the type of errors made by the 3 rd graders of Elementary School in Mathematical Basic Ability Test. The research approach employed was descriptive. This research was a case study conducted in Kebumen Regency area in 2018. The subject of research consisted of 871 3 rd graders in 40 elementary schools distributed in 5 sub districts in Kebumen Regency area. Data source employed was 3 rd graders and teachers of 3 rd grade of Elementary School. Meanwhile, techniques of collecting data used were test, interview, and observation. Data validation was carried out using source and technical triangulations. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis technique encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or verification. The result of research showed that: (1) the ability of 3 rd graders of elementary school in Mathematical Basic Ability Test in Kebumen Regency reached mean score of 39.24; (2) the mastery level of Mathematical Basic Ability Test achieved by 3 rd graders of elementary school in Kebumen Regency has mean score of 40.46%; (3) the type of errors made the 3 rd graders of elementary school in Mathematical Basic Ability Test were: (a) writing, reading name of and symbol of number, (b) ordering number, (c) place value, (d) subtracting number, (e) multiplying 2 numbers, (f) dividing number, (g) mixed count operation, (h) comparing, adding, and subtracting fraction with same denominator, (i) counting currency value, (j) square, rectangle, angle, (k) measurement of length, width, weight, and time.

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