A fine particle air monitoring network was operated in the Los Anaeles area durin& 1982.It was found that carbonaceous aerosols accounted for typically 4~ of total fine particle mass loadings at most monitoring sites.The ratio of total carbon (TC) to elemental carbon (EC) in ambient samples and in primary source emissions was examined as an indica tor of the extent of secondary organic aerosol formation. It was found that TC to EC ratios at all sites on average are no higher than recent estimates of the TC to EC ratio in primary source emissions. There is little evidence of the sustained summer peak in the ratio of TC to EC that one misht expect if greatly enhanced secondary oraanics production occurs during the photochemical smog season.The TC to EC ratio does rise by the time that air masses reach the prevailing downwind edse of the air basin as would be expected if secondary organics are being formed during air parcel transport. but the extent of that increase is modest. These results suggest that primary particulate carbon emissions were the principal contributor to long-term average fine aerosol carbon concentrations in the Los Angeles area during 1982 . If the overwhelming majority of aerosol carbon was formed in the atmosphere as a secondary product of photochemical reactions* then controls on direct emissions of carbon particles from sources might have little effect on urban air quality.The present paper is the first of a series designed to describe methods for achieving deliberate control of urban fine carbon particle concentrations. In this work* the approach used to acquire an air quality model verification data set for organic and elemental carbon concentrations will be described. This method will be demonstrated in Los Angeles* and key characteristics of Los Angeles carbonaceous aerosol air quality will be defined. The spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol carbon concentrations over an entire annual cycle will be described. The geographic areas that experience the highest aerosol carbon concentrations will be identified and related to source density and pollutant transport patterns. The ratio of total carbon to elemental carbon in the atmosphere will be examined as an indicator of the extent of secondary organic carbon aerosol formation. In subsequent papers* air quality models will be tested against this data set. The importance of major source types to observed aerosol carbon air quality will be quantified through that modeling effort. Mathematical programming methods for defining the most attractive approaches to aerosol carbon control then will be illustrated* using the results of the air quality modeling study. The ambient sampling equipment constructed for use in this study is illustrated in Figure 2, and was designed to obtain a near mass balance on the chemically identifiable portion of the atmospheric fine particle loading. Ambient air at a flow rate of 25.9 fpm was drawn through an AIHL cyclone designed to remove particles with aerodynamic diaaeter laraer than 2.1 pa. 'The air flow ...

Residential wood combustion emissions are an important source of organic and elemental carbon particulate matter in many urban and suburban areas. This research determined the organic and elemental carbon composition and size distribution of particulate emissions for hot-and cool-burning wood stoves and from conventional fireplaces. Sampling was done from smoke plumes which had been cooled and diluted by ambient air so that the particulate composition measured would be representative of smoke particles as they actually exist in the atmosphere. Organic and elemental carbon were determined by thermo-optical carbon analysis. Corrections were made for vapor organic carbon adsorption on quartz ----fiber filters during sampling. Particles emitted by hotburning stoves were black, had a unimodal size distribution, and contained from 20% to 60% carbon (primarily elemental carbon) and high levels of trace elements (11% K, 1% S, 3% CI). In contrast, particles from coolburning stoves were tan, had a bimodal size distribution, and contained from 55% to 60% carbon (almost entirely organic carbon) and minute amounts (< 0.1%) of trace elements. The composition of particles emitted by fireplaces had compositions that were intermediate between those of hot-and cool-burning stoves, but tended to be more similar to cool burning stove emissions.

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