T2DM had appreciable effects on hearing acuity. T2DM was significantly associated with the type and the degree of the hearing loss. The need for screening of hearing acuity of T2DM patients, in order to detect early changes, and promptly offer an adequate management and remedial measures was emphasized in this study.

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Background The inner ear vascular system may be disrupted by systemic hypertension causing inner ear hemorrhage and resulting in progressive or sudden hearing loss. Constriction of the labyrinthine artery secondary to atherosclerosis seen in high BMI and waist/hip circumference—risk factors of hypertension—could also occur with resultant hearing loss. Thus, hypertension could predispose to increased risk of hearing loss. This cross-sectional study assessed the hearing thresholds of hypertensive patients and sought to determine the association between hypertension and hearing loss among patients attending cardiology clinic in tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Results The study population was 500 individuals equally divided into subject and control arms. The mean age of the subjects and controls was 47.2 ± 7.4 years and 46.9 ± 7.5 years respectively. Hearing loss—mainly mild sensorineural hearing loss—was seen in 30% of the subjects and 0.4% of the controls. The hearing loss was bilateral in all subjects and slightly worse in the right ears. The hearing loss worsened with increased age, severity, and duration of hypertension; however, there was no association between the hearing loss and body mass index. Conclusion There is an association between hypertension and hearing loss, though most of the hypertensive subjects had mild sensorineural hearing loss. The prevalence and severity of the hearing loss worsens with the degree of hypertension. Incorporating regular audiological assessment for hypertensive patients could improve the quality of care for hypertension and quality of life for hypertensive patients.

Background: Invasive fungal sinusitis is one of the less common forms of fungal infection more commonly described in North Africa and Asia. It affects healthy and immunologically competent individuals typically complicating chronic rhinosinusitis. Surgical debridement and adjuvant antifungal treatment are the mainstay of management of this condition. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, pathological features and management of patients with invasive fungal sinusitis managed at a tertiary health facility, southwestern Nigeria. Method: Medical records of all patients with invasive fungal sinusitis managed between January 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Six patients with invasive fungal sinusitis were managed during the study period. All patients were immunocompetent and the mean age at presentation was 30.7 years ± 7.2 years. The average duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 18.5 months (Interquartile range, 67.5 months), and all six patients had orbital involvement and intracranial extension of the mass at presentation. They all had surgical debridement, and the specimens were sent for histological examination. Mycological studies carried out on two specimens isolated Aspergillus fumigatusas the fungal agent and all patients were started on post-operative oral antifungal chemotherapy. Five patients completed their chemotherapy and fared well with no recurrence while one patient had irregular and incomplete antifungal treatment, and developed recurrent infection before abandoning further treatment. Conclusion: Chronic invasive fungal sinusitis is an uncommon infection and fairly difficult to manage. However, timely diagnosis and combined surgical and medical treatment can give good outcomes in the patients.