Parr J. B. (2004) The polycentric urban region: a closer inspection, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. The concept of the polycentric urban region (PUR) is one that has gained considerable currency over the last decade. Nevertheless, a certain vagueness continues to surround the concept. A set of conditions is outlined that would need to be satisfied before a PUR could reasonably be said to exist. The PUR is contrasted with other types of region, and various forms of the PUR are then briefly reviewed. Consideration is next given to the supposed economic advantages of the PUR. This is followed by a discussion of the extent to which the concept of the PUR has emerged as a focus in urban and regional policy. Parr J. B. (2004) Un examen plus approfondi de la region urbaine polycentrique, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. Pendant la derniere decennie, la notion de region urbaine polycentrique s'est repandue. Toujours est-il que cette notion s'entoure d'une certaine imprecision. On esquisse ici un ensemble de conditions qu'il faut satisfaire avant que l'on puisse legitimement confirmer l'existence d'une region urbaine polycentrique. On compare la region urbaine polycentrique aux autres typologies de regions et, ensuite, on reexamine brievement diverses formes de region urbaine polycentrique. Puis on considere les avantages economiques presumes de la region urbaine polycentrique. Il s'ensuit une discussion de la question suivante: jusqu'a quel point la notion de region urbaine polycentrique est-elle devenue le point central de la politique d'amenagement du territoire? Parr J. B. (2004) Die polyzentrische Stadtregion: eine eingehendere Untersuchung, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. Der Begriff der polyzentrischen Stadtregion (Polycentric Urban Region - PUR) ist ein Konzept, dessen Gebrauch im letzten Jahrzehnt betrachtlich zugenommen hat. Trotzdem bleibt ihm eine gewisse Unbestimmtheit anhaften. Es werden eine Reihe Bedingungen umrissen, die erfullt werden mussten, bevor man ernstlich behaupten kann, dass es tatsachlich eine PUR gibt. Die PUR wird anderen Regiontypen gegenubergestellt, und dem schliesst sich eine kurze Besprechung verschiedener Formen der PUR an. Sodann wird uberlegt, was fur wirtschaftliche Vorteile den PUR zugeschrieben werden konnen. Der Aufsatz schliesst mit einer Diskussion des Ausmasses, in dem der Begriff der PUR zu einem Kernstuck der Stadt-und Regionalpolitik geworden ist. Parr J. B. (2004) La region urbana policentrica: un examen mas detallado, Reg. Studies38, 231-240. El concepto de region urbana policentrica (RUP) es un concepto que se ha puesto considerablemente de actualidad en la ultima decada. No obstante, este concepto continua rodeado de una cierta vaguedad. Se enumeran una serie de condiciones que necesitarian ser satisfechas antes de que se pudiera afirmar de forma razonable que existe una RUP. La RUP se contrasta con otros tipos de regiones, y varias formas de la RUP son luego brevemente revisadas. A continuacion se examinan las supuestas ventajas economicas de la RUP. Se prosigue con un examen de hasta que p...
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The concept of agglomeration economies continues to represent an important aspect of locational analysis and regional economics. However, the term agglomeration economies is frequently used as a jargon or shorthand, leading to the obvious dangers of misspecification and misinterpretation. Treating agglomeration economies as cost savings to the individual firm, it is argued that these may be seen as particular forms of internal economies and also as particular forms of external economies. It is further argued that each group of economies (internal or external) can be examined in terms of the dimensions of scale, scope, and complexity. Such an approach forms the basis for a classification of agglomeration economies. This classification, which contains an important parallelism of form, is then used to consider a neglected aspect of the analysis—namely, the coexistence of different types of agglomeration economy.
Parr J. B. (2005) Perspectives on the city‐region, Regional Studies 39 , 555–566. The significance of the city‐region as a key feature of the space economy of a nation has been acknowledged for some time. Recently, however, there has been a spate of interest in the city‐region, and the reasons for this are varied. The form of a typical city‐region is discussed, with consideration given to its zonal structure and the accompanying inter‐zonal interaction. Such interaction, which occurs with respect to trade, commuting, capital movements, etc., does not imply that the city‐region represents a closed economy. The long‐term evolution of the city‐region is outlined, and a pattern of concentration followed by deconcentration is identified. Certain technical issues relating to the form of the city‐region are then examined. Finally, there is a brief review of the different ways in which the city‐region has been defined in the UK over recent years.City‐region, Zonal structure, Zonal interaction, Openness, Alternative perceptions, Cité‐région, Structure en zones, Interaction des zones, Ouverture, Autres perceptions, Stadtregion, zonale Struktur, zonale Wechselwirkung, Offenheit, alternative Auffassungen, Ciudad‐región, Estructura zonal, Interacción zonal, Percepciones alternativas, JEL classifications: R11, R12, R23, R38,
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