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Most active sound cancellation systems reported in the literature use open-loop control, depend on near-zerophase delay in control system elements, and require constant acoustic signal transit time from a signal pickup {microphone) to a control sound source {loudspeaker). The applicability of such systems can be significantly enhanced by using closed-loop control. This study concerns a digital computer simulation of adaptive closedloop control for a specific application, sound cancellation in a duct. The key element is an extension of Sondhi's adaptive echo canceler and Widrow's adaptive noise canceler from signal processing to control. The adaptive algorithm is thus based on the LMS gradient search method. The simulation shows that one or more pure tones can be canceled down to the computer bit noise level { --120 dB). In the presence of additive white noise, pure tones can be canceled to at least 10 dB below the noise spectrum level for SNR's down to at least 0 dB. The underlying theory implies that the algorithm allows tracking tones with amplitudes and frequencies that change more slowly with time than the adaptive filter adaptation rate. The theory implies also that the method can cancel narrow-band sound in the presence of spectrally overlapping broadband sound. The method can be applied more widely, particularly to control systems that involve transport delay.

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Szammary The mechanism of substitution for the uncharged complex [Fe bipy, (CN)z]o has been investigated by the Grunwald-Winstein method of determining the solvent variation of rate constant.

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