TAX REVENUES ARE THE LIFEBLOOD OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT, BUT THE MAJORITY OF MULTINATIONAL BUSINESSES HAVE BEEN STRUCTURED SO AS TO ENABLE TAX AVOIDANCE IN EVERY JURISDICTION IN WHICH THEY OPERATE. JOHN CHRISTENSEN AND RICHARD MURPHY OF THE TAX JUSTICE NETWORK ARGUE THAT POLICY MEASURES ARE REQUIRED TO REDRESS THE DISTORTIONS THAT HAVE ARISEN AS GLOBALIZED COMPANIES HAVE LEFT NATIONALLY BASED TAX REGIMES FLOUNDERING. BUSINESSES SHOULD ADOPT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STANDARDS ON TAXATION, INCLUDING REQUIREMENTS TO PUBLISH ALL NECESSARY ACCOUNTING INFORMATION AND TO REFRAIN FROM THE USE OF PROFITS-LAUNDERING VEHICLES CREATED WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL ECONOMIC PURPOSE.:Development (2004) 47, 37–44. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100066

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to consider the activities of tax havens in the global financial markets and explore their role in providing a supply-side stimulant for corrupt practices. It aims to argue that the corruption debate needs to shift to a second phase in which the role of tax havens as supply-side stimulants features more prominently. Design/methodology/approach -Based on the author's original research into the practices and activities of tax havens, the paper explores the operational features of tax havens, with particular focus on their role in providing opaque and complex offshore structures through which illicit financial flows can be routed to disguise their origins, method of transfer and true beneficial ownership. The paper explores how bankers, lawyers and accountants create complex and opaque offshore structures to facilitate economic crime and impede investigation. Findings -Despite severe limitations imposed by the absence of rigorously researched statistical data on capital flows into and out of tax havens, the paper argues that the available data support the view that tax havens have become prominent features of the globalised capital markets, and their activities create a criminogenic environment in which illicit financial flows are easily disguised and hidden amongst legitimate commercial transactions. The paper notes that effective remedies are available to reduce financial market opacity, but political will is lacking to take effective action. Originality/value -This paper tackles a new and under-researched subject. Drawing on the author's experiences of working on a prominent tax haven for a total of 14 years, the paper brings attention to the impact of tax havens on international development.

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