No abstract

Patients in rural Zambia can achieve adherence rates compatible with good clinical outcomes despite long travel distances. The MMH was able to provide quality HIV/AIDS care by implementing programmatic features selecting for a highly adherent population in this resource-limited setting.

This article extends existing tables of null probability points for the Kruskal-Wallis statistic and compares various methods for approximating these probability points. Van de Wiel's technique of partitioning the combined ranking into the upper and lower ranks is combined with Iman, Quade, and Alexander's recursive formula to find the joint distribution of the rank totals for each sample. The Kruskal-Wallis statistic's distribution is then accumulated. It is shown that the well-known chi-square approximation of Kruskal-Wallis probability points is overly conservative. Four other methods are shown to provide better approximations than the chi-square approximation.

We measured net exchange of nitrogen between a portion of vegetated salt marsh (dominated by Spartina alterniflora) and the adjacent tidal creek. During tidal inundation, the marsh imported ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, and particulate nitrogen and exported dissolved organic nitrogen over an annual cycle. The low marsh (characterized by the tall form of S. alterniflora) had higher uptake and release rates compared to high marsh areas dominated by shorter forms of S. alterniflora. When creek‐water levels were below the marsh surface during the late ebb and early flood, residual water on the marsh surface drained into the tidal creek and exported substantial amounts of particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen but relatively small amounts of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Rainfall during exposure of the marsh surface increased particulate nitrogen export to the tidal creek 40‐fold. With respect to tidal exchange via inundation and drainage, the vegetated marsh exported ~4.5 g N m−2 yr−1, largely as dissolved organic nitrogen.