friends of American philosopher John Dewey held a conference in New York to honor him on his eightieth birthday. Dewey--worn out by a summer of intense work, depressed by the beginning of World War II in Europe, and convinced that a similar gala that had marked his seventieth birthday was "enough for a lifetime"--declined to attend the event, but he did provide conference organizer Horace Kallen with an address, which Kallen read at the conference in Dewey's absence. That speech was entitled "Creative Democracy--the Task Before Us," and I take from it both my own title and a point of departure for my own thoughts on applying what Dewey termed "inventive effort and creative activity" to the task of sustaining and extending democracy in America. 1
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