Reasons for the virtual absence of research in this area are proposed, and contrasts between users of conventional media and alternative media audiences suggested, along with a political ethics of listening. Connections between social movements and alternative media uses are discussed, the interplay between political consciousness and alternative media use is examined, and social conditions in which the latter are responded to are explored. Finally, the variety of alternative media formats, genres and technologies is noted.

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By “constructing an alternative public realm,” two computer communication projects—one devoted to pace issues, the other to making U.S. government information more broadly available—demonstrate the potential of new technology for grass‐roots political movements.