Toe Star Fire site is a large surface mining operation in eastern Kentucky owned and operated by Gyprus-Southem Realty. Approxlmately 10,000 acres of reclaimed, usable land will result from the ongoing mining operation by the year 201 O. Ultimately, development on the tract will depend on the avallabilityof an adequate water supply utilizing both surface and ground waters. Toe water resources of the first 1,000-acre tract of mine spoil have been investigated. Areas of groundwater recharge and discharge have been identified at the site. Major recharge enters the spoil by way of disappearing streams, groundwater flow from bedrock that is in contact with the mine spoil, and specially designed infiltration basins. Ground water discharges predominantly from springs and seeps along the western outslope of the spoil. Monitoring wells drilled into the spoil Indicate a saturated zone ranges from 8 to 25 feet in thickness. Data from waterlevel measurements, dye-tracing, and geochemical analyses of water samples indicate that a compacted haul road acts as a low-permeability barrier to groundwater movement. Water samples from surface and ground water taken from the site show that all waters are a Ca-Mg-sulfate type, differing only in the total concentration of these constituents. Specific conductance measurements of samples collected at the site ranged from 257 microsiemens In surface runoff to 3,725 microsiemens In a monitoring well situated in the interior of the spoil. The pH ranged between 6.23 and 6.66 for ground water sampled at the site, and between 7 .67 and 8.28 for surface water.