Alcohol outlet density was associated with quantities consumed among teenage drinkers in this study, as was neighbourhood deprivation. Supply by family, friends and others also predicted quantities consumed among underage drinkers and both social supply and self-reported purchase were associated with frequency of drinking and drunkenness. The ethnic status of young people also had an effect on consumption.

In recent years, capture-recapture methods for closed populations have been extensively applied to epidemiology. For example, suppose we have several incomplete lists of diabetics and we wish to estimate the total number of diabetics by estimating the number missing from all the lists. A major problem is that the information about individuals on the lists may have been given incorrectly or the information may have been typed incorrectly so that some list matches are missed. Using the concept of tag loss borrowed from animal population studies, we consider methods for estimating both the probabilities of making list errors and the population size for just two independent lists. The effect of heterogeneity on the errors is examined. The methods are applied to a large data set of diabetic persons consisting of a list obtained from a survey and a list obtained from doctors' records. It was found that the error rates were high and that ignoring the errors led to a gross overestimate of the total number of diabetic persons.

In applying capture-recapture methods for closed populations to epidemiology, e.g., in the estimation of the size of a diabetes population, one comes up against the problem of list errors due to mistyping or misinformation. This problem has been studied for just two lists by Seber, Huakau, and Simmons (2000, Biometrics 56, 1227 1232) using the concept of tag loss borrowed from animal population studies. In this article, we discuss a similar method that can be extended to an arbitrary number of lists. The methods are applied to an example.

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Requirements for non-Maori researchers to consult with Maori compete with "by Maori for Maori" research agendas. Nevertheless, Maori provide varying forms of consultation, with Maori perspectives rarely being entered into the literature. Following an invitation from the Centre for Social Health Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SHORE), members of the Whariki Research Group agreed to take a consultative role, providing Maori input into the New Zealand Values Survey 2004. After initial examination of the survey instrument and follow-up on previous consultation with Maori, Whariki's main role focused on questions relevant to the Treaty of Waitangi (signed in 1840 between the United Kingdom and Maori) and to Maori. The questions and related findings were of particular salience in the context of ongoing controversy and challenges to the status of the Treaty in New Zealand and to the position of Maori. Here we describe research processes and relationships and present the findings with reference to their social and political implications. Keywords values; Maori; Treaty of Waitangi; research relationships; consultation MAORI AND NON-MAORI RELATIONSHIP FRAMEWORKS A number of theories and frameworks have been suggested in efforts to describe relationships between Maori and research knowledge production. Foremost among discussions on Maori driven and controlled research is Kaupapa Maori theory. When describing a broader taxonomy of New Zealand research, Cunningham (1999) postulated a framework comprising four descriptors: research not involving Maori, research involving Maori, Maori-centred research,