Study Design: Single group, test-retest. Objectives: To determine: (1) hip abduction and adduction torques during concentric and eccentric muscle actions, (2) medial and lateral one-leg hop distances, (3) the test-retest reliability of these measurements, and (4) the relationship between isokinetic measures of hip muscle strength and hop distances in elite ice hockey players. Background: The skating motion used in ice hockey requires strong contractions of the hip and knee musculature. However, baseline scores for hip strength and hop distances, their test-retest reliability, and measures of the extent to which these tests are related for this population are not available. Methods and Measures:The dominant leg of 27 men (mean age 20 2 3 yrs) was tested on 2 occasions. Hip abduction and adduction movements were completed at 60" . s-' angular velocity, with the subject lying on the non-test side and the test leg moving vertically in the subject' s coronal plane. One-leg hops requiring jumping from and landing on the same leg without losing balance were completed in the medial and lateral directions.Results: Hip adduction torques were significantly greater than abduction torques during both concentric and eccentric muscle actions, while no significant difference was observed between medial and lateral hop distances. Although hop test scores produced excellent lCCs (> 0.75) when determined using scores on 1 occasion, torques needed to be averaged over 2 test occasions to reach this level. Correlations between the strength and hop tests ranged from slight to low (r = -0.26 to 0.27) and were characterized by wide 95% confidence intervals (-0.54 to 0.61 1.Conclusions: lsokinetic tests of hip abduction and adduction did not provide a strong indication of performance during sideways hop tests. Although isokinetic tests can provide a measure of muscular strength under specific test conditions, they should not be relied upon as a primary indicator of functional abilities or readiness to return to activity. ) Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2001;3 1:446-455.

The purposes of this study were to compare internal and external rotation torque measurements of the dominant arm during concentric and eccentric muscle actions, to determine the relationship between peak and average torques, and to compare shoulder rotator capabilities of tennis and nontennis playing women. Twenty healthy nontennis players and 20 healthy intercollegiate tennis players performed concentric-eccentric cycles at 60 degrees /sec angular velocity while seated with the glenohumeral joint at 45 degrees abduction and in the scapular plane (30 degrees horizontal flexion). No significant differences were observed between the two groups on peak or average torques within 115 degrees range of motion, on average torques within +/- 30 degrees of neutral, or on peak/average torque ratios (p > 0.05). Regardless of muscle action, the internal rotators produced significantly greater peak and average torques during eccentric actions than the external rotators (p < 0.01). Eccentric muscle actions produced significantly greater torques than concentric actions (p < 0.01). Peak torques were highly related to average torques within 115 degrees range of motion (r = 0.85-0.93) and less related within +/- 30 degrees of neutral (r = 0.76-0.91). This study provides comparative data for a test position and protocol that may be applicable early in rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991;13(1):40-46.

Purpose: Although suggested to be an important component of physiologic knee function, the ability to accurately assess tibial rotation range of motion (ROM) is currently limited by a lack of reliability data for clinically practical measurement tools. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the reliability of tibial rotation ROM measurements taken with subjects in sitting and supine positions. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (mean age 37 ± 12 years) completed maximal active internal and external tibial rotation movements in sitting and supine positions. ROM was assessed on two occasions and by two raters using a gravity- and magnetic-referenced goniometer. Results: There were significant differences between internal and external rotation ROM values (p < .05) and between values obtained with subjects in sitting and supine positions (p < .05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) suggested that test–retest reliability for all measurements was excellent (ICC = 0.83–0.93), whereas interrater reliability was poor to excellent (ICC = 0.39–0.81). Standard errors of measurement ranged from approximately 1 to 2°. Conclusions: These findings suggest that tibial rotation ROM can be assessed reliably by one rater using one test position. However, caution must be adopted when comparing ROM measurements assessed by different raters or in different test positions.

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