Why do some standards development organizations (SDOs) provide standards for free and others charge significant amounts of money for them? The fees from the sale of standards and the stringent policies on sharing copies of standards may decrease the number of people who access these documents and may thus reduce the impact of the standards.

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What information about data base technology does a manager need to make prudent decisions about using this new technology? To provide this information the National Bureau of Standards and the Association for Computing Machinery established a workshop of approximately 80 experts in five major subject areas. The five subject areas were auditing, evolving technology, government regulations, standards, and user experience. Each area prepared a report contained in these proceedings. The proceedings provide guidance of steps managers should follow to prepare themselves and their organization for the installation of data base management concepts. The auditing working panel noted the increased vulnerability of organizations who integrate their formerly dispersed and redundant files into a data base and suggest actions to address this risk. The technology report noted several promising parallel developments but concluded that the future would see evolving, rather than revolutionary data base progress. Government regulations, particularly the drive for individual privacy rights, were seen to play an important role in determining data base directions and the panel's guidance on cost impact suggest that organizations would experience reduced costs with data base technology. Standards pervaded all issues and were found necessary in several sub-areas of data base technology but the panel saw no immediate likelihood of national data base standards. The user experience working panel noted that data base systems had impacted their organizations to the extent of reconsidering existing data flows, areas of responsibilities, and procedures.

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NAT444 is an IPv4 extension technology being considered by Service Providers as a means to continue offering IPv4 service to customers while transitioning to IPv6. This technology adds an extra CarrierGrade NAT (CGN) in the Service Provider network, often resulting in two NATs. CableLabs, Time Warner Cable, and Rogers Communications independently tested the impacts of NAT444 on many popular Internet services using a variety of test scenarios, network topologies, and vendor equipment. This document identifies areas where adding a second layer of NAT disrupts the communication channel for common Internet applications. This document was updated to include the Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite) impacts also.