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Two new adamantane-containing methacrylates having methylene and phenyl spacers between the adamantane and the methacrylate were synthesized: 1-adamantylmethyl methacrylate (AdMMA, 1) and 4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl methacrylate (AdPMA, 2). The homopolymer of 1 had a T g of 201 °C while 2 showed a Tg of 253 °C. Copolymers of both monomers with styrene (St) showed significant Tg increases over PSt. The incremental increase obtained with AdPMA per adamantane unit is the highest of all vinyl monomers reported to date, to the best of our knowledge, with a value of 2.2 °C/mol %. Both sets of copolymers showed higher incorporation of adamantane monomers in the copolymer than the feed, with reactivity ratios calculated to be r1(St) ) 0.22 and r2(AdPMA) ) 1.52 and r1(St) ) 0.94 and r2(AdMMA) ) 1.54.

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With fast growth rates, broad halotolerance and the ability to thrive at high temperatures, algae in the genus Picochlorum are emerging as promising biomass producers. Recently, we isolated a remarkably productive strain, Picochlorum celeri, that attains > 40 g m−2 day−1 productivities using simulated outdoor light. To test outdoor productivities, Picochlorum celeri was cultivated in 820 L raceway ponds at the Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation. Picochlorum celeri demonstrated the highest outdoor biomass productivities reported to date at this testbed averaging ~ 31 g m−2 day−1 over four months with a monthly (August) high of ~ 36 g m−2 day−1. Several single day productivities were > 40 g m−2 day−1. Importantly for sustainability, Picochlorum celeri achieved these productivities in saline water ranging from seawater to 50 parts per thousand sea salts, without any biocides or pond crashes, for over 143 days. Lastly, we report robust genetic engineering tools for future strain improvements.

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