Modern-day society is based on a high pace lifestyle that people are constantly attempting to keep up with. The invention of the light completely changed society, allowing people to work outside of daylight hours. As countries become more and more industrialized, the need for 24/7 productivity becomes more and more common. From transportation to mining to medicine, individuals willing to work unconventional hours are necessary for the sustainability of the industry. This group of people, working outside “normal” work hours such as between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. or shifts longer than eight hours, are known as shift workers. They make up about 26.5 million people in the employed population in the United States and about 100 million around the world (Moore-Ede & Platika, 2018). Shift work affects a person’s circadian rhythm, causing issues. “Circadian rhythm mainly controls the daily wake and sleep cycle and regulates physiological processes including hormone secretion, body temperature, feeding behavior, cell cycle progression, and drug, glucose, and xenobiotic metabolism” (Khan et al., 2018, p.2). This circadian rhythm is controlled by the circadian clock and is regulated through clock genes. Light exposure greatly influences circadian rhythms and specifically affects the release of the hormone melatonin which activates specific receptors MTI and MT2 that mediate sleep-promoting effects.

Copyright law is a large, complex issue that has found itself at the center of controversy on YouTube. Much of the debate around copyright centers on whether a video is fair use, the exception to copyright laws. There are large problems on YouTube surrounding the exploitation of the Content ID system, and the solutions to these problems often rely on the assumption of clear and defined copyright law, which is far from the case. This led my research into finding out based on the case law, what constitutes fair use on YouTube? Using a content analysis, these complexities of copyright law were able to be broken down into easy-to-understand guidelines. To do this, roughly 30 cases were found using the websites case.law and copyright.gov, and the decision of the case and the reasoning behind it were pulled out to create guidelines based on the copyright case law of court decisions. These guidelines consist of having a license for the copyrighted content, using the content for education, criticism or review, providing significant commentary to shift the focus away from the content, using the content for parody, changing the purpose of the content, or using an insignificant portion of the content. If any of these scenarios are met, then the video will likely not violate copyright. The use of these guidelines could be implemented into YouTubes algorithm, but more likely these guidelines would be easy to follow for creators to know whether or not their video will violate copyright.

Modern liquid-fuel rocket propulsion harbors a number of great limitations. Among those is the weight of fuel, which makes up more than 90% of the mass of the SpaceX Falcon 9 (NASA, 2018). Electric propulsion has been used for decades as an alternative to liquid-fuel rockets due to low propellant requirements and high specific impulse. Although electric thrusters have strictly been used in non-atmospheric conditions, recent innovations attempt to expand its use to airspace. This quasi-experimental study focuses on the creation of an air-breathing magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster, with attempts being made to maximize the efficiency of the engine. Immense safety concerns prevented testing from occurring after the engine was built. However, the estimated performance of the built MPD is compared to a multitude of existing forms of electric propulsion, from Hall-effect thrusters to electrodynamic tethers. The concluding evidence suggests that air-breathing MPDs are not currently viable, high-power photon thrusters being of greater use in atmospheric conditions. Further research focusing on decreasing atmospheric breakdown voltage and increasing mirror reflectance of photon thrusters is suggested.

Burnout is common among all medical professionals. The rate of burnout prior to 2020 was relatively stable (Hasan,2020). The onset of the pandemic was predicted to greatly increase burnout among medical professionals,particularly those on the frontline. The aim of this study was to determine how medical professionals have beenaffected by the pandemic, in addition to occupational changes due to their level of job satisfaction. Clough et. Al(2019) provided a template for survey questions, as well as a means for comparing post-pandemic scores to theirpre-pandemic scores. We use quantitative data from the Stigma of Occupational Stress Scale for Doctors (SOSS-D)to evaluate stigma towards stress and burnout, in addition to qualitative interviews to have a better understanding ofhow they were overall affected by the pandemic. Contradicting the initial hypothesis, it was found that medicalprofessionals have a decreased risk of burnout after the pandemic, yet they experience more discrimination at theworkplace than from society itself. In addition to this, more young medical professionals are considering switchingprofessions due to the pandemic effects than those who have more experience in their field. The most commonreason was due to their concerns for the safety of family members.