The increase in urban population, occasioned by the rural-urban migration of young people has resulted in the expansion of informal settlements to accommodate the large numbers of low-income earners and the unemployed. This trend is replicated all across developing economies and in Kenya, it has resulted in the establishment of informal settlements such as Kangemi, Kawangware, Mathare, Mukuru, Korogocho, and Kibera, which is the largest in the whole continent. One of the negative implications of the growth of the informal settlement is the increase in criminal trends as most residents, particularly the youth resort to criminality as a way of making a living. In response, various strategies have been adopted to mitigate or rather prevent criminal activities in these informal settlements. This study focused on such strategies as used in four slums, which include Kibera, Mukuru, Mathare, and Korogocho. The study adopted the descriptive research design, which involved the collection and analysis of quantitative data using questionnaires. The data was collected from a sample of 659 residents of the four informal settlements who were randomly sampled. The data was input in the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) and then analysed using the descriptive method whereby the data was presented on tables based on percentages. The study concluded that crime was a big problem for informal settlement residents. However, one of the most prevalent crimes included illicit brew, general robbery, muggings, and burglary. The residents claimed that the government was less concerned about resolving crime. The residents, however, acknowledged the significant role that they can play in solving crime in the slums and that community participation was critical in bringing on board all stakeholders. They have, therefore, organised themselves as communities to tackle crime and insecurity in their neighbourhood. Some of the crime prevention programs adopted include community policing, police patrols, vigilante groups, erecting gates and fences, village security committees, and the employment of night guards. The study recommended increased collaboration between state and non-state actors to combat crime in informal settlements and the enhancement of the existing community policing initiatives.

The mushrooming informal settlements in the urban areas is a 21st-century reality that is common in developing economies such as Kenya. The growth of slums is an indictment of the influx of an increasing number of youth people into urban areas in search of better ways of earning a living. The towns and cities, however, cannot cope with this rapid expansion, thereby condemning a significant proportion of the urban poor into the informal settlements. This study examined the awareness, attitude, and perception of the slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya. The study focused on Kibera, Korogocho, Mathare, and Mukuru slums. The study included residents aged 18 years and above whose participation in the study was determined using systematic random sampling. A total of 659 respondents were involved in completing a survey with the help of the researcher. The data were analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software, adopting the descriptive analysis method, and the results were presented using tables. The findings indicated that the living conditions of the residents in these informal settlements were deplorable, a factor that contributed to the crime incidents in the area. The residents had average education levels, most of them were unemployed and considered the economy as their greatest problem, with unemployment being associated with criminality. The residents were fearful of crime happening in their vicinity, though they noted that the rates of criminality had decreased and they expected it to go down in the next year. The residents identified early evening as the peak hour for criminal activity and that they were likely to be victimized outside their homes, even though a significant number of crimes also happened at their homes. The study recommendation sensitization of residents through programs such as workshops targeting distinct groups and the establishment of community radio. The study also recommended the establishment of land tenures in the settlement to facilitate the upgrading of the housing and amenities infrastructure, therefore eliminating environmental factors encouraging criminality.

Health and safety issues are a critical consideration in workplaces and more particularly, construction sites where accidents are prone to occur. This study aimed at examining the compliance levels of health and safety issues at construction sites in Kenya based on the case of Reynold Construction Company in Nairobi County. The study adopted a quantitative research design. Stratified sampling was adopted and therefore, the target research population was divided into strata that consisted of departments in the organization, where 5% of the population were sampled from each department. A total of 45 respondents were selected out of 250 employees at Reynold Construction Company. The questionnaire, observation method and document analysis were used to collect data. Descriptive analysis was used for the quantitative data that was collected using the questionnaire. The study found that safety is addressed to some extent at the company but there is still room for improvement especially on health preparedness. The study concluded that the company’s employees should be shown safety audit documents that addresses all areas of safety and health. The employees should be involved in workplace inspection. A health and safety committee should be inclusive of all cadres.

Controlling crime continues to be a big problem probably because crimes are on the increase and there is little probability for a drop in crime rates anytime in the near future. Kenya has shown a marked increase in the contemporary years in the occurrences of lawbreaking and violations. The rate is alarming and has attained an epidemic proportion in Kenya that everyone has gradually become not only concerned but also worried. It is evident in the empirical data, audio-visual electronic, newspapers, and print media which highlight criminal activities in numerous parts of the country, most of which are stated to have happened in big towns. United Nations surveys in Kenya have revealed that over half of the inhabitants worry about crime constantly. Roughly 75% feel unsafe while at home. Notwithstanding these continuous reports of criminal actions, the problem of crime continues, in effect escalates and fewer crimes are stated. Only up to 45% of urban crimes are normally informed. When crimes are not reported to the police, victims may not be able to get necessary services to cope with the persecution, offenders may go scot-free, and law implementation and community resources may be misdirected due to a lack of precise information about local crime complications. Accepting the characteristics of crimes unknown to police, victims who do not report crimes, and the reasons these crimes are not reported may help identify gaps in the provision of criminal justice services and inform police practice and policies. Common motivations for reporting a crime include punishing the offender a lesson and discouraging other offenders

The study aimed at investigating the role of women’s organizations in the management and reduction of drought impact formally and informally in Kajiado County, Kenya. The study, therefore, examined how women’s organizations create awareness in ownership rights to empower women and determined how gender policies by women’s organizations influence the empowerment of women. The study also examined how income generating activities by women’s organizations led to women's empowerment and the extent to which women’s organizations mobilize resources to empower women. The systems theory of organizations was used to understand the dynamics of women group organizations. A total of 20 women group organizations were included in the study, accounting for 500 members. Questionnaires were used for data collection and the data was analysed through quantitative means. Most women’s organizations creating awareness in ownership rights to empower women do not own assets of their own and believe that the land they live in belongs to their husbands and that they are in control over it. Most of the organizations generate income for women through activities such as the sale of farm produce, cash from labour activities and cash from their husbands. Based on the findings, the study recommended that leaders should establish women’s councils to participate in leadership matters to empower them and be part of agenda formulation and decision making