Activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp36 and to its association with several signaling molecules, including phospholipase Cγ-1 and Grb2. Microsequencing of peptides derived from purified rat pp36 protein led to the cloning, in rat and man, of cDNA encoding a T- and NK cell–specific protein with several putative Src homology 2 domain–binding motifs. A rabbit antiserum directed against a peptide sequence from the cloned rat molecule recognized tyrosine phosphorylated pp36 from pervanadate-treated rat thymocytes. When expressed in 293T human fibroblast cells and tyrosine-phosphorylated, pp36 associated with phospholipase Cγ-1 and Grb2. Studies with GST–Grb2 fusion proteins demonstrated that the association was specific for the Src homology 2 domain of Grb-2. Molecular cloning of the gene encoding pp36 should facilitate studies examining the role of this adaptor protein in proximal signaling events during T and NK cell activation.

Background/Aims: Sedation rates may vary among countries, depending on patients’ and endoscopists’ preferences. The aim of this survey was to investigate the rate of using premedication for routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy in endoscopy societies, members of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). Methods: We evaluated a multiple-choice questionnaire which was e-mailed to representatives of national endoscopy societies, which are members of the ESGE. The questionnaire had 14 items referring to endoscopy practices in each country and the representatives’ endoscopy units. Results: The response rate was 76% (34/45). In 47% of the countries, less than 25% of patients undergo routine diagnostic UGI endoscopy with conscious sedation. In 62% of the responders’ endoscopy units, patients are not asked their preference for sedation and do not sign a consent form (59%). Common sedatives in use are midazolam (82%), diazepam (38%) or propofol (47%). Monitoring equipment is not available ‘in most of the endoscopy units’ in 46% (13/28) of the countries. Though they were available in 91% of the national representatives’ endoscopy units, they are rarely (21%) used to monitor unsedated routine diagnostic UGI endoscopy. Conclusions: In about 50% of ESGE-related countries, less than 25% of patients are sedated for routine diagnostic UGI endoscopy. Major issues to improve include availability of monitoring equipment and the use of a consent form.

SllmmaryStimulation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCK) activates a protein tyrosine kinase and leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-'yl (PLC3,1). The molecular interactions involved in this phosphorylation are not known. After stimulation of the TCK on Jurkat T cells, tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins of 36, 38, 58, and 63 kD coprecipitate with PLC3,1. An identical pattern of proteins precipitate with TrpE fusion proteins that contain the Src homology (SH) 2 domains of PLC'y1, indicating that these regions of PLC'y1 are responsible for binding. TCR stimulation leads to an association between the SH2 domains of PLC3,1 and a protein tyrosine kinase, which, by peptide mapping, is identical to p56 ~k. These studies establish that p56 k~ associates with PLC3,1 as a result of TCK stimulation of Jurkat ceils, suggesting that p56 ~t plays a central role in coupling the TCR to the activation of PLC'y1.