IVF and DI families with an early adolescent child appear to be functioning well.

The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) is a short 28-item questionnaire for assessing the existence and severity of sexual problems. The design, construction, and item analysis of the GRISS are described. The two separate male and female scales are shown to have high split-half reliabilities of 0.94 for women and 0.87 for men. Validation of change scores in the GRISS on 30 clinical couples, before and after therapy, showed correlations with therapists' blind ratings of 0.54 (p less than 0.001) for men and 0.43 (p less than 0.01) for women. Discriminatory validity between clinical (n = 69) and nonclinical (n = 59) groups was r = 0.63 for women and r = 0.37 for men. The 12 subscales of impotence, premature ejaculation, anorgasmia, vaginismus, noncommunication, infrequency, male and female avoidance, male and female nonsensuality, and male and female dissatisfaction are also shown to have good reliability and validity.

The PreSchool Activities Inventory (PSAI) is a new psychometric scale for the assessment of gender role behavior in young children. Its design and test specification are reported, and the piloting and item analysis are described. Evidence of reliability is given, and several validation studies are reported, as are data on age standardization and norming. Some applications of the PSAI are considered. A number of studies have demonstrated that children show gender-stereotyped toy and activity choices from as early as 18 months of age and that this pattern is well established by 3 years old (

Levels of testosterone (T) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in blood samples from pregnant women and related to gender role behavior in 342 male and 337 female offspring at the age of 3.5 years. Gender role behavior was assessed using the Pre-School Activities Inventory, a standardized measure on which a parent indicates the child's involvement with sex-typical toys, games, and activities. Levels of T, but not SHBG, related linearly to gender role behavior in preschool girls. Neither hormone related to gender role behavior in boys. Other factors, including the presence of older brothers or sisters in the home, parental adherence to traditional sex roles, the presence of a male partner in the home, and maternal education, did not relate to gender role behavior in this sample and did not account for the relation observed between T and behavior. Although other, unmeasured factors may explain the relation, the results suggest that normal variability in T levels prenatally may contribute to the development of individual differences in the gender role behavior of preschool girls.