The axial epoxidation preference for 2-substituted 4-tert-butylmethylenecyclohexanes is attributed to a combination of small effects, including existing bond torsion and rotor effects. Contributions from developing bond torsion are smaller and may be negligible. Cieplak (σ-σ*) effects are too small to identify in most of the epoxidations, but a marginal effect could be present according to comparisons of isosteric systems 11a and 15a or 19a and 19b. Dimethyldioxirane epoxidations and osmylations are more sensitive to steric factors, resulting in a trend for equatorial attack.
Two new routes to hexafluorotropone have been developed, one from hexachlorotropone and a superior synthesis from hexafluorobenzene. Hexafluorotropone was found to be a very weak base, with a conjugate acid pK(a) of -6.2 +/- 0.5. The tropone adds in [6 + 4] fashion to cyclopentadiene and photocyclizes to hexafluorobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-2-one. Lithium hydroxide in benzene transforms the tropone into pentafluorotropolone, which functions as a bidentate ligand.
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