No abstract

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) may be a useful molecule for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to its potent natriuretic effects. In an effort to prolong the short in vivo half-life of ANP, fusions of the peptide to the Fc domain of IgG were generated using a semisynthetic methodology. Synthetic ANP peptides were synthesized with thioesters at either the N- or C-termini of the peptide and subsequently linked to the N-terminus of recombinantly expressed Fc using native chemical ligation. The linker length between the ANP and Fc moieties was varied among 2, 11, or 16 amino acids. In addition, either one ("monomeric") or two ("dimeric") ANP peptides were linked to Fc to study whether this modification had an effect on in vitro activity and/or in vivo half-life. The various constructs were studied for in vitro activity using a cell-based cGMP assay. The ANP-Fc fusion constructs were between 16- and ∼375-fold weaker than unconjugated ANP in this assay, and a trend was observed where the most potent conjugates were those with longer linkers and in the dimeric configuration. The pharmacokinetics of several constructs were assessed in rats, and the half-life of the ANP-Fc's were found to be approximately 2 orders of magnitude longer than that of the unconjugated peptide. There was no significant difference in terminal half-life between the monomeric and dimeric constructs (2.8-5.5 h), but a trend was observed where the C(max) of the monomeric constructs was approximately 3-fold higher than that of the dimeric constructs, although the origin of this effect is not understood. These novel ANP-Fc fusion constructs hold promise for future therapeutic application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Asp and Asn residues, located in a loop structure of rhIL-11, undergo isoAsp formation under stressed conditions.

No abstract

This methodology provides a direct measurement of the concentration of a vaccine antigen adsorbed onto an aluminum adjuvant.