BACKGROUND:The study aims at evaluation of spinopelvic parameters in an Indian population in a sample composed of asymptomatic individuals. METHODS: 84 healthy adult individuals were evaluated. The exclusion criteria included spinal deformity, spine degenerative or infective condition and improper radiograph study. In each radiograph the sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters were evaluated, including vertical sagittal axis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. RESULTS: Data obtained in this study were in accordance to International literatures. No significant variation between genders was obtained for various parameters. The mean values of Pelvic Incidence, Sacral Slope and Pelvic Tilt in healthy Indian Population is 49.4°±7.6°, 37.4°±6.6° and 13.9°±5.8° respectively. CONCLUSION: There were no differences in any radiographic parameter between males and females in the present study. Further, the values obtained are comparable with the values presented as normal in the literature. The Indian and European populations shows significance in pelvic incidence and sacral slope which were higher in European populations and Indian and Korean population showed significant difference in pelvic tilt which was lower in Korean population.

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Nasal implants of autologous costal cartilage have an undesirable tendency to distortion. This tendency may be reduced by the process of devitalization, which occurs in the preparation of homologous costal cartilage for storage in a tissue bank. An in vitro study has been undertaken, utilizing five common methods of cartilage preparation (cialit, ethyl alcohol, formalin, glutaraldehyde and irradiation) to determine whether there is any significant variation in the degree of distortion which occurred and any variation in cartilage consistency. We conclude that all of the methods evaluated would produce banked homologous costal cartilage with an equally low incidence of distortion but implants are less readily carved from cartilage stored in cialit.

BACKGROUND: Distal femur fractures with intra-articular extension are complex injuries which have been treated by different methods. The authors studied the functional outcome of management of distal femur fractures with the published literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distal femur fractures with intra-articular extension treated with open reduction and internal fixation during the period Jan 2011-dec 2012 at Govt. Medical College, Surat formed the study population. They were evaluated to assess their clinical and functional results using Neer's Scoring system and compared with the available literature. The results were analyzed using different parameters; male vs. female, age distribution, functional outcomes and complications etc. RESULTS: The results were excellent in 56%, good in 24%, fair in 12%and poor in 08%. Results were assessed and found to be excellent in majority of cases with mean knee flexion being 94.1degrees, mean fracture union time of 16.7 weeks, with mean full weight bearing duration of 13.92 weeks complications being knee stiffness (5), delayed union (6), infection (7), shortening (5) knee pain (15) CONCLUSION: Surgery in the form of ORIF is recommended for distal femur fractures with intra articular extension for good outcome and early mobilization with minimum preventable complications.

A recently developed multiple beam interference confocal microscopy and conventional confocal microscopic techniques were employed to obtain 3-D images and morphological details of chondrocytes obtained from a postmortem of 1 day old baby for the first time. Unprecedented images clearly showed that they were circular and internal structures were noticeably visible. The nucleus shows two or three nucleoids. Peripheral nuclear organelles were also perceptible. These techniques permit to examine with precision the thickness of the organelles.