Chemical kinetics is a highly quantitative content area that involves the use of multiple mathematical representations to model processes and is a context that is under-investigated in the literature. This qualitative study explored undergraduate student integration of chemistry and mathematics during problem solving in the context of chemical kinetics. Using semi-structured interviews, participants were asked to make their reasoning and thinking explicit as they described provided equations and as they worked though chemical kinetics problems. Here we describe the results from our study, which included thirty-six general chemistry students, five physical chemistry students, and three chemical engineering students. Analysis and findings are framed in terms of blended processing, a theory from cognitive science that characterizes human knowledge integration. Themes emerged relating to contexts that were commonly discussed when blending occurred. Variation in the depth and directionality of blending was also observed and characterized. Results provide implications for supporting student problem solving and the modeling of chemical processes.

As a pedagogical approach, process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) allows students to socially construct knowledge through iterative cycles that include three steps: exploring a model, inventing a concept, and applying the resulting ideas. A growing body of research indicates that relative to lecture-based approaches, POGIL supports student learning more effectively. In this article, we review research related to POGIL, focusing on the nature of the evidence used to evaluate its impact on student learning, as well as trends related to relevant features of the studies, such as theoretical and methodological choices. We find that this body of research has typically focused on quantitative measures that broadly assess student outcomes, with fewer studies concentrating on qualitative, theory-based explanations of student learning. Moreover, key features of POGIL implementation (e.g., theoretical underpinnings, activity structure, process skills, and student roles) remain understudied. On the basis of the review, we propose suggestions for future research and practice.

This work is part of a larger project that seeks to understand how students blend (integrate) chemistry and mathematics as they work through chemical kinetics problems.Here we focus on four students from our larger sample: two students that demonstrated more instances of blending chemistry and mathematics in their interviews ("high-frequency blenders") and two students that did not have any instances of blending chemistry and mathematics in their interviews ("nonblenders"). In this study, we characterized the intuitive mathematical ideas the students associated with equations (symbolic forms) and graphs (graphical forms), focusing on how the students' mathematical reasoning influenced their understanding of chemical phenomena. The findings suggest that, in order for students to integrate chemistry and mathematics in a way that supports their understanding of the chemical processes in chemical kinetics, they must be able to reason using symbolic and graphical forms.