Adding subcutaneous ketamine to standard analgesic measures resulted in decreases in postoperative pain scores without serious side effects. These data can be used to inform a randomized controlled trial to compare subcutaneous ketamine plus standard care with placebo plus standard care for reducing postoperative pain.
Toluene sniffing, frequently described under the generic category of ''glue sniffing,'' is a potential cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to distal renal tubular acidosis. Urine anion gap is used to diagnose metabolic acidosis of a normal anion gap variety; however, pitfalls exist when using urine anion gap in the setting of toluene sniffing. We present the case of a young woman who had a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to toluene sniffing and an unexpectedly low urine anion gap. In such a scenario, the urine anion gap will underestimate the rate of ammonia excretion when the conjugate bases of acids other than HCl are excreted in large quantities. Estimation of the urine osmolal gap will provide a more accurate ammonia excretion rate in these circumstances. The challenges in interpretation of the urine anion gap and ammonia excretion in the setting of distal renal tubular acidosis due to toluene toxicity are discussed. RÉ SUMÉL'inhalation de toluè ne, souvent incluse dans la caté gorie gé né rale d'« inhalation de vapeurs de colle » est une cause possible d'acidose mé tabolique à trou anionique normal par acidose tubulaire ré nale distale. L'analyse du trou anionique urinaire sert à diagnostiquer l'acidose mé tabolique dans divers é tats pathologiques à trou anionique normal, mais l'analyse du trou anionique urinaire pose un problè me dans le contexte de l'inhalation de toluè ne. Il sera question ici du cas d'une jeune femme qui avait une acidose mé tabolique à trou anionique normal, consé cutif à l'inhalation de toluè ne, mais chez qui le trou anionique urinaire é tait particuliè rement faible. Dans ce contexte, l'analyse du trou anionique urinaire se traduit par une sous-estimation du taux d'excré -tion d'ammoniac, tandis que les bases conjugué es d'acides autres que l'HCl sont excré té es en grande quantité ; alors, l'estimation du trou osmolaire urinaire fournira une é valuation plus précise du taux d'excré tion d'ammoniac. Les difficuté s d'interpré tation du trou anionique urinaire et de l'excré tion d'ammoniac dans le contexte d'une acidose tubulaire ré nale distale due à la toxicité du toluè ne feront l'objet de discussion.
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